Flashcards
Philosophy Final Exam Prep
Cards in this deck (24)
- 1conceptConcept - not the same thing as words, words only name concepts
A general idea that can stand for many particular things - 2referentReferent - one of the things the concept stands for
- 3abstractRefers to more things, more general
- 4concreteRefers to fewer things, more specific
- 5genusThe bigger group
Kind of kind of thing
Plural = genera - 6speciesThe smaller group
Kind of thing
Ex: furniture is the genus, chair is the species - 7stipulative definitionStipulative Definitions:
sometimes we need very precise definitions
more precise than is necessarily justified otherwise, definition used in a very speficic situation
program dealing with cities, can create own definitions for thier purposes = stipulative def
artificially precise terms required in certain very specific contexts - 8valid argumentit either works completely or not at all > it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false
- 9cogencyif an inductive argument is strong and its premises are true
- 10sound argumentIf deductive argument is valid and its premises are true
- 11realitivismthe idea that what is true depends on who you are and on context
“what is true for me is not necessarily true for you.”
nothing is really true, and nothing is really false, there is no truth
moral relativists > people who believe morality is relative - 12inductive argumentsno inductive argument can guarantee that its conclusion is true
inductive arguments can be either very weak or very strong depending on the number of observations drawn on
-deductive is always stronger - 13copulaform of the verb "to be"
- 14quantity termmake a claim about either an entire class of things, or just part of that class of things
- 15quality termcopula will be either affirmative or negative
- 16converse/conversionswitch S and P
“all chemists are scientists”
“all scientists are chemists” - 17obverse/obversionswitch Quality affirmation > negative, negative > affirmative
replace predicate with its complement (same term with prefix “non” in front of it) P > non-P
“All BMWs are fast”
“No BMWs are non-fast” - 18contrapositiveswitch S and P
replace S and P with their complements
ex: “All dogs are poodles”
“all non-poodles are non-dogs” - 19subalternateif a universal proposition is true, then it's subalternate is also true
-link between standard forms of categorical propositions - 20existential importassumes that the members of the subject class must exist (there must be at least one unicorn)
- 21Square of oppositionsee flashcard
- 22mode and figuresee flashcard chart and practice your knowledge with questions!
- 23necessary conditionwhen causal factor A is necessary for effect E
-E cannot exist of occur without A - 24sufficient conditionwhen A is sufficient for E when A is enough to guarantee that E exists or occurs
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- Flashcards on Philosophy Final Exam Prep, created by Rigel Smith on 02/12/2016.
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- Rigel Smith
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