Flashcards
Soil Science Final - Flashcards
Cards in this deck (40)
- 1Microbial symbiont with grassesArbuscular mycorrhizae
- 2Microbial symbiont with AzollaAnabaena
- 3Microbial symbiont with pine treesEctomycorrhizae
- 4Microbial symbiont with Lichenblue-green alga
- 5Microbial symbiont with actinorhizal plantsFrankia
- 6Microbial symbiont with leguminous plantsRhizobium
- 7OchricPale, thin, low in organic C
- 8Natricaccumulation of silicate clays and <15% of exchangeable Na
- 9Umbricsimilar to mollic but has a lower base cation saturation
- 10Histicorganic material (20-60cm) overlying mineral soil
- 11Spodicaccumulation of illuvial humus and aluminum oxides
- 12Kandicaccumulation of Fe and Al oxides and kaolinite
- 13Oxichighly weathered, high in Fe and Al oxides and kaolinite, humid tropical regions
- 14Albiclight colored eluvial horizon, Fe and Al oxides have been removed
- 15XericCool, moist winters and warm dry summers with drought conditions. “Mediterranean” climate
- 16AridicSoil dry for at least half the growing season
and moist for <90 consecutive days. - 17UsticSoil moisture intermediate between Udic
and Aridic. Some plant available water during growing season but drought may occur. - 18UdicSoil moisture is sufficient for plant needs
year-round - 19AquicSoil is saturated with water and anaerobic
for long enough to show soil indicators of poor aeration - 20subordinate horizon designation "p"plowed
- 21subordinate horizon designation "t"accumulation of clay
- 22subordinate horizon designation "h"concentration of humus
- 23subordinate horizon designation "k"accumulation of carbonates
- 24subordinate horizon designation "g"gleyed
-prolonged wetness - 25Histosol• Layered organic materials
•Cool, wet environments at high
latitudes or in wetlands
• Histic epipedon*
• No permafrost - 26Entisol• Little or no horizon development
• Characteristics reflect varied
parent materials
• Very dry or cool climates,
unstable landscape positions, or
resistant parent material - 27Andisol• Form in recent (5,000 – 10,000 yrs)
volcanic ejecta
•Generally high in natural fertility
• Easily wind eroded - 28Inceptisol• Beginning horizon development
• Often found in mountainous areas - 29Aridisol• Arid climates
• Ochric A
• Often CaCO3 or Na salt accumulations
• May have Bt formed during wet climate - 30Vertisol• High content of shrinking/swelling clays
• Ca and Mg rich parent materials
• Contain ‘slickenslides’ - smooth surfaces
created as the subsoil masses move past
each other and smear the clay.
• Fertile; high CEC; high OM - 31Mollisol• Highly fertile soils of grasslands
• Mollic A
• Bt (argillic)
• Often calcic (Ck) horizons - 32Alfisol• Form mainly under deciduous forests
• Ochric A horizon
• Often E horizon
• Argillic horizon (Bt) - 33Ultisol• Form on old stable land surfaces
• Usually tropical forest vegetation
• Warm humid climate
• Umbric or ochric A; Bt; often E - 34Spodosol• Form in sandy materials under
coniferous forests
• Usually in wet, cool climates
• Albic and spodic horizons - 35Oxisol• Most highly weathered soils
• Form in hot, humid climates
• Oxic B
• Low natural fertility and high soil acidity - 36Immobilizationammonium-N and nitrate-N are incorporated into living tissue
- 37Mineralizationreleases soluble nitrogen as the result of the breakdown of nitrogen-rich organic compounds
- 38NitrificationNH4 is changed to NO3 by bacteria
- 39Volatilizationloss of N by the conversion of NH4 to N gas
- 40Denitrificationreduction of NO3 to nitrogen gas by microorganisms occurring under anaerobic conditions
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- Flashcards on Soil Science Final - Flashcards, created by Meagan F on 11/12/2016.
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- Meagan F
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