Social Studies 8 History and Vocab

Question	Answer
What does allegiance mean?	Loyalty.
What does contract mean?	A loyal agreement.
What does Lord of the Manor mean?	The tenant of a noble, who has inherited right to run a manor and profit from it.
What does "to exploit" mean?	To make selfish use of.
What does homage mean?	Formal acknowledgement.
What does freeholder mean?	A person who owns his or her land.
What does to prosecute mean?	To present evidence to prove a person’s guilt.
What does assault mean?	An attempt to physically harm another person.
What does shrine mean?	A place of worship.
What does sue mean?	To seek compensation for a personal wrong.
What does treason mean?	Betraying one’s country or ruler.
What does lenient mean?	Mild, merciful.
What does meddlesome mean?	Interfering.
What does "to try" mean?	To determine guilt or innocence.
What does canonize mean?	To declare that a person is a saint.
What does ordeal mean?	Dreadful experience.
What does imminent mean?	Immediate.
What does alienated mean?	Turned away.
What does incumbent mean?	Resting on as a duty.
What is a Muslim?	A believer of Islam.
What were the Crusades?	The Crusades were wars in which the Christians of Europe fought against the Muslims for the control of the Holy land.
What is the Holy land?	The area around modern-day Israel where Jesus lived and died.
What does "sceptical of" mean?	Doubting of the truth.
What does tithe mean?	Money or produce given to the Church, worth approximately one-tenth of one’s income.
What does "to excommunicate" mean?	To cancel a person's membership in the church.
What does ecclesiastical mean?	Having to do with the church.
What is a relic?	An item associated with a saint; thought to have great powers.
How did a feudal system work?	The feudal system was set up by William the Conqueror based on three f’s: of fief (land) fealty (loyalty) and faith (religion). Under feudalism, land was the basis of all wealth, which was given to the knights or nobles who gave their loyalty in exchange.
What did the King give to the nobles (lords) in exchange for their loyalty and what did the nobles get in return?	The nobles were given the three f's, along with the right to their monarch's protection and justice. The king also defended his nobles from attack and settled disputes that arose from multiple nobles.
What is the difference between a freeholder and a serf?	A freeholder owned the land they farmed and paid a yearly fee to the lord of the manor, but had a bit more power than the serfs. Serfs, on the other hand were considered part of the land and had close to no power. However, the lords could not take away their right to live and work on the farm.
Who made up the largest percentage of the population and how were they exploited?	The serfs and the freeholders made up about 90% of the population. These commoners were exploited by providing them very few rights and keeping them outside the circle of power.
What did the serfs give the Knights?	They farmed the land and payed rent.
What did the serfs get in return from the knights?	Food, protection, and shelter.
What did the knights give to the lords?	Homage and military service.
What did the knights receive from the lords?	Food, protection, and shelter.
What did the Lords get from the King?	Fief and Peasants.
What did the Lords give to the King?	Allegiance and Military Aid.
The King's land was divided amongst _________ into Manors	Nobles.
Each Manor was completely _____________.	self-sufficient.
The Lord of the Manor had farm land for himself. What was it called?	Demesne.
How big were Kingdoms?	Similar in size to a modern day country.
The Lord of the Manor had a manager called a __________.	Bailiff.
What is common law and why is it called common law?	Common law is a law used by Royal courts that ordered the execution of thieves and murderers. This law is called "common" because it was the same for the whole kingdom.
What was the difference between trial by ordeal and trial by battle?	Trial by ordeal had a person deal with non-human things such as poison or red hot iron. If they survived such circumstances they would be innocent. Trial by battle would be where two nobles would fight against each other. The noble that killed the other would be innocent.
How were Church courts different from Royal or Manor courts?	Church courts were more lenient as they were trying church officials.
What was the name of the ancient trade route to China?	The Silk Road.
Who and when did the first European explorers reach China?	Venetian merchants Nicole and Maffeo Polo, who arrived at China in 1255.
How did the Catholic Church become a powerful institution in the Middle Ages?	Going to church was the only thing people knew was the truth because there was nothing else to do in a Kingdom.
What would happen if you were excommunicated from the church?	You would no longer be able to participate in church activities, which people believed meant you would go to hell instead of heaven.
In what ways was the Church's influence over people a positive thing?	Their belief made the people civilized and less likely to commit crimes.
In what ways was the Church's influence over people a negative thing?	The priests were known to be rich from the tithe.
Why did people travel so far to fight in the Crusades?	Pope Urban II presented a speech that had the message of "If you fight in this war you will be freed of your sins."
What was the People's Crusade?	The People's Crusade was when thousands of men, women, and children walked across Europe in response to Pope Urban's message.
Who were the leaders of the People's Crusade?	Walter the Penniless and Peter the Hermit.
What did the Christians gain from contact with the Muslims during the Crusades?	The Christians learned that the Muslims were flourishing in the scholarly pursuits of medicine, astronomy, philosophy, mathematics, and literature. The Christians gained advances in learning from this which resulted in the Renaissance.
How did the manor farmer's farming system work?	There was a rotating three-field system. For each field they grew cereal one year and a nitrogen-generating crop the second to ensure healthy and vigorous plant growth. In the third year the field was left fallow.
What does fallow mean?	Ploughed and left unseeded.

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	Created by Braden Papa over 7 years ago