Flashcards
Key concepts - Gender Inequalities
Cards in this deck (27)
- 1Pay GapThe gap between female and male average. Fawcett society 2015 there is still a 13.9% pay gap between the average salaries for men and women working full time in the UK
- 2Horizontal SegregationWhen the labour market is segregated so that men and women occupy specific areas of the labour market in terms of types of jobs e.g women are clustered in caring roles and men in more physical jobs such as construction
- 3Vertical SegregationWhen the labour market is divided so that men occupy the top position in the workplace and women are clustered at the bottom of the hierarchy
- 4Glass CeilingA term to describe the invisible barriers experienced by women preventing them from accessing the top positions in the labour market
- 5Concrete CeilingA term to describe the barrier experienced by ethnic minority women preventing them from accessing the top positions in the labour market. This is more solid than it is for white women
- 6Sexual HarassmentWhen women experience discrimination in the form of harassment, unwanted attention or inappropriate behaviour directed by men. Radical Feminists are particularly interested in this
- 7Sticky FloorA term to describe the way women are stuck to the bottom of occupational hierarchies and fill the lower status positions
- 8Motherhood penaltyA term to describe the price women pay for having children in terms of lower salaries and reduced career progression
- 9Leaky PipelineA term to describe the way women often drop out of male dominated careers such as engineering
- 10PatriarchyA social system where men are in control and hold power and authority both in society and in personal relationships
- 11First wave FeminismAimed to reform the social and legal inequalities affecting women. Mid 1800's. Looked for universal female suffrage.
- 12Second wave feminsism1960's and 70's. Wanted to achieve anti-discrimination policies. Equal Pay Act 1970. Led to fragmentation in the feminist movement
- 13Third wave feminismMore diverse and individualistic form of feminism. Focuses less on laws and political processes and more on individual identities. Criticises the 2nd wave for focusing on white middle class women
- 14Human Capital TheoryWage and role differences between employees can be explained by the level of skills, knowledge and personal attributes that each employee possesses rather than social inequality or discrimination
- 15Dual systems Theory2 sources combine to cause the effect. Each reinforces and multiplies the other
- 16Reserve Army of LabourIt is needed for capitalism to create competition and continue the legitimisation of exploitation. A spare pool of people
- 17EthnocentricEvaluating other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture
- 18Double DisadvantageThe fact that being female and black may make them twice as disadvantaged
- 19Triple systems Theory3 sources combine to cause the effect. Each reinforces and multiplies the other
- 20Six Structures of PatriarchyWalby (post feminist) Paid employment, the house hold, the state, cultural institutions, sexuality and violence against women
- 21Private patriarchyIn the household, within the family
- 22Public patriarchyIn the public sphere ie the workplace
- 23Glass elevatorMen are often promoted faster up the career ladder than women in female dominated careers such as teaching and nursing
- 24Rational choice theorywomen have preferences and make rational choices in terms of the type of work they do
- 25Dual Labour MarketThe labour market is divided into two segments; primary and secondary
- 26Primary Labour MarketHigh pay, high status, job security, good working conditions and favorable promotion prospects. Held by dominant groups in society, white men
- 27Secondary labour marketLower paid jobs with less security, inferior working conditions and fewer opportunities for promotion. Mainly occupied by women and minority groups
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- The key concepts from Gender inequalities
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- Yasmine King
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