GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

LATG Packet # 5

Justine Ortiz Lab Animal Technology LATG English 93 cards

Cards in this deck (93)

  1. 1Nasodium
  2. 2Kpotassium
  3. 3Pphosphorus
  4. 4Nnitrogen
  5. 5Cacalcium
  6. 6Clchlorine
  7. 7Feiron
  8. 8Pblead
  9. 9CH3CH2OHethyl alcohol
  10. 10NaClsodium chloride
  11. 11BUNblood urea nitrogen
  12. 12NaClOsodium hypochlorite (bleach)
  13. 13HClhydrochloric acid
  14. 14DNAdeoxyribonucleic acid
  15. 15BaSO4barium sulfate
  16. 16N2molecular nitrogen
  17. 17How many atoms are in the molecule C6H12O6?24
  18. 18Define the term homeostasis.At a state if equilibrium, in balance
  19. 19If an animal’s breathing were to slow down, what effect would that have on the amount of carbon dioxide in the animal’s blood? How about if the animal’s breathing were to speed up such that they were hyperventilating? Do you think that changes in the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood could ultimately change the pH of the blood?If an animal’s breathing was to slow down, the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood would increase; if breathing were to speed up, carbon dioxide in the blood would decrease; the amount of carbon dioxide can change blood pH.
  20. 20What is respiratory acidosis?The decrease in blood pH that results from carbon dioxide buildup.
  21. 21When you measure the pH of something, specifically what are you actually measuring? What is the equation for pH? As the number of hydrogen ions in a solution goes up, does the pH go up or down?The number of hydrogen ions in the solution; pH = 1/ ln[H+]
  22. 22Is it highly acidic or highly alkaline solutions that tend to be corrosive?Both
  23. 23Is a 1:2 dilution a 50% solution or a 33% solution? What is the dilution of a 10% solution? How many parts of a 10% solution would be the diluent?50%; 1:10; 9
  24. 24In the first section of Chapter 7 of the Technologist Manual, there is a list of “chemicals and chemical reactions that are important in the field of laboratory animal science”. Think of two more that could be added to the list.Ammonia, blood sugar, hydration
  25. 25In terms of composition, what is the difference between organic compounds and inorganic ones? How about the difference in terms of behavior?Organic compounds contain carbon and inorganic compounds don’t; organic compounds tend to be more volatile than inorganic, organic compounds tend to be more aromatic than inorganic and some organic compounds are flammable whereas inorganic tend not to be
  26. 26hydrocarbons with a double bondalkenes
  27. 27methanealkanes
  28. 28compounds containing a hydroxyl groupalcohols
  29. 29formaldehydealdehydes
  30. 30compounds with an oxygen attached to two carbonsethers
  31. 31compounds with a carbonyl group attached to two carbonsketones
  32. 32compounds with a carbonyl group not attached to two carbonsaldehydes
  33. 33acetoneketones
  34. 34compounds containing a nitrogen and two hydrogen atomsamines
  35. 35ethylene oxidealkenes
  36. 36non double bond containing hydrocarbonsalkanes
  37. 37What is the valence of oxygen?2
  38. 38What is the difference between organic chemistry and biochemistry?Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon-containing compounds whereas biochemistry is the chemistry of compounds occurring in living organisms that are a part of the metabolic processes
  39. 39What are five examples of monosaccharides?Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribulose, sorbose
  40. 40Do all common disaccharides contain glucose as one of their two constituents?yes
  41. 41What are some of the alternative terms used for glucose?Dextrose, corn sweetener, corn syrup
  42. 42What are oligosaccharides? How do they differ from polysaccharides? What are the three most common polysaccharides?Oligosaccharides contain a small number of monosaccharides (usually 3-6) whereas polysaccharides contain many, many more; the three most common polysaccharides are glycogen, starch, cellulose
  43. 43What do starch and glycogen have in common? How do they differ?They both stored forms of glucose; starch is the stored form in animals and glycogen is the stored from in plants.
  44. 44What is the end-product of all carbohydrate digestion? Where in the body and in what form is it stored?Glucose; it is stored in the liver and in muscle as glycogen
  45. 45What are some of the important biological functions of carbohydrates?Energy source, components of genetic material
  46. 46A knot in the bile duct of an animal would hinder the digestion of which one of the six major types of nutrients?Fats
  47. 47To which class of nutrients do triglycerides belong? What molecules do triglycerides consist of?Fats; three fatty acid molecules attached to a glycerol molecule
  48. 48What is a common method of assessing lipid metabolism in animals?Measurement of triglyceride levels in serum
  49. 49What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? Which of the two oxidizes more easily and therefore becomes rancid?Saturated fatty acids are saturated with hydrogen ions while unsaturated fatty acids are not; unsaturated fatty acids become saturated faster and therefore become rancid.
  50. 50What are the two most common saturated fatty acids? How about the two most common unsaturated fatty acids?Palmitic and stearic; oleic and linoleic
  51. 51What is lipemia?Lipoproteins (lipid-protein complex) in blood
  52. 52What common physical property do lipids share? What are three examples of the roles lipids play?Insoluble in water but soluble in some organic solvents; major components of plasma membrane, form a sheath around nerves, store energy, component of some hormones
  53. 53The Technologist Manual lists the four most common types of lipids in biological systems. What are they?Fatty acids, glycerides, nonglycerides (steroids), lipoproteins and glycolipids
  54. 54What is an example of a nonglyceride lipid?cholesterol
  55. 55What do steroids, cholesterol, and prostaglandins have in common? In what bodily processes to prostaglandins play a role?They are all types of lipids; prostaglandins play a role in contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation
  56. 56What is the difference between hard and soft water? Generally, where does hard water come from? Generally, where does soft water come from?Hard water is generally water that was pumped out of the ground contains and minerals that leached into it from the limestone layer that it percolated through on its way to the water table whereas soft water, which generally comes from the earth’s surface, does not contain those minerals.
  57. 57What are five examples of the roles proteins play in animals?Structural components of muscle, enzymes catalyzing reactions, aid in the transportation of other molecules (i.e. hemoglobin), are hormones such as insulin, are what antibodies are made of
  58. 58What are the differences between proteins and peptides?Peptides are small proteins, up to 50 amino acids long whereas proteins are much longer
  59. 59What four elements are present in all amino acids?Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
  60. 60What protein is most abundant in mammals? How many amino acids are there? How many of those are considered essential in mammals?Collagen; 20; 8
  61. 61What are enzymes?Enzymes are proteins that catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions
  62. 62What essential amino acid are rats able to synthesize, yet in insufficient quantities to not require it in their diet?Arginine
  63. 63What are the three components of nucleotides? What are two examples of nucleotides?Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, a phosphate group; DNA and RNA
  64. 64What kind of organic compound are vitamins?Amines
  65. 65What are NOD mice used to study?Non-obese diabetic mice are used to study diabetes
  66. 66What does PKU stand for and what causes it?Phenylketonuria is caused by the absence of the protein phenyalanine hydroxylase which transforms phenylalanine into tyrosine
  67. 67What are the six classes of nutrients? What is the single most important nutrient in an animal's diet?Water (which is the most important), proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals
  68. 68Of the six classes of nutrients, which ones are organic?Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins
  69. 69What simple procedure can be performed to determine if an animal is dehydrated?Skin fold test
  70. 70Of the three nutrients, protein, carbohydrate, and fat, which one yields the greatest energy per gram? Which one is the primary source of energy used by animals?Fat yields the greatest amount of energy; glucose is the primary source of energy used by mammals
  71. 71What percentages of Purina Rodent Chow are protein, carbohydrate, and fat? How does this compare to the Lab Canine Diet?Rodent: 23.9% protein, 48.7% carbohydrate, 5.0% fat; canine: 25.5% protein, 45% carbohydrate, 8.5% fat
  72. 72Soft tissues and organs are composed mostly of which one of the three energy producing nutrients?Proteins
  73. 73What are the four fat soluble vitamins?A, D, E, K
  74. 74What mineral is required for vitamin B12 synthesis in ruminants?cobalt
  75. 75A deficiency in which vitamin is characterized by swollen and painful joints and bleeding gums? What is the name of this disease? What animals are susceptible to this disease?C; scurvy; primates and guinea pigs
  76. 76Which group of animals require vitamin D3?New world primates
  77. 77What vitamin is necessary for blood coagulation?K
  78. 78What is the general function of vitamins?Regulate and catalyze metabolic reactions
  79. 79Which mineral is required in greater amounts than any other? What are the three primary rolls of that mineral in vertebrates? What vitamin is required for the proper utilization of that mineral?Calcium; formation of bones and teeth, regulation of ion transport across membranes, muscle contraction; vitamin D
  80. 80A deficiency in which minerals is associated with rickets?Calcium and phosphorus
  81. 81If an animal was fed a diet that contained radioactive iodine, in which endocrine gland would it accumulate?Thyroid
  82. 82You are a manager of a rat colony. Half of the rats in your charge are receiving a diet that is low in copper and normal in iron. The other half are receiving a diet that is normal in both these minerals. Even though the iron content is the same in both diets, those receiving the copper deficient diet were found to be anemic. How do you explain this?Copper is necessary for the uptake of iron
  83. 83Are there any minerals that are produced by mammals or must they ingest all of them?They must ingest them all
  84. 84In mammals, what bodily function requires more energy than any of the others?Thermoregulation
  85. 85What is a proximate analysis and what six components of a food are determined by a proximate analysis?An approximation of the nutrient content of feed; the components are moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash, fiber, nitrogen-free extract (carbohydrate)
  86. 86Quantitatively, what is a calorie?The amount of heat energy necessary to raise one gram of water one degree C at STP
  87. 87What is the difference between a purified and nonpurified diet? Further, what is the difference between an open formula diet and a closed formula diet?A purified diet is one in which each chemical is individually added so the entire composition of the diet is absolutely known; a nonpurified diet is one where broad ingredients that may contain multiple chemicals (i.e. alfalfa) are used and therefore the specific chemical composition is uncertain; an open formula diet is one in which the feed manufacturer publishes the percent of each ingredient and these quantities are thus known; a closed formula is one in which the specific composition is not known and therefore the manufacturer may use one source of protein in one batch and another source in a different batch
  88. 88What are some of the substances that a certified diet is certified for?Heavy metals, aflatoxin, chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphates
  89. 89What is the difference between pelleted and extruded feed?Pelleted feed consists largely of plant products and is made by grinding up the ingredients, forcing it through a mold, allowing it to dry and then breaking it up into pellets (i.e. mouse and rabbit chow); extruded feed consists largely of animal products and is made by grinding up the ingredients and the compressing it under very high temperature and pressure, into biscuits (i.e. dog, cat and primate chow)
  90. 90Is vitamin C temperature sensitive? If so, which extreme should be avoided? To what other environmental parameter is vitamin C sensitive?Yes; heat; light
  91. 91According to the ILAR Guide, what is the shelf-life of non-vitamin C containing laboratory feed? What is the shelf-life of vitamin C containing feed?180 days; 90 days if the vitamin C is not microencapsulated and 180 days if it is
  92. 92In what type of an environment should commercially prepared lab animal feeds be stored?Cool, dark, dry
  93. 93What vitamins are autoclavable diets fortified with?Vitamin A and thiamine

Information

Description
LATG Lab Animal Technology Flashcards on LATG Packet # 5, created by Justine Ortiz on 18/01/2017.
Created by
Justine Ortiz
Views
0
Rating

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?