Flashcards
Fungal Physiology
Cards in this deck (47)
- 1What are fungi?Eukaryotic microorganisms with a cell wall enclosing their cytoplasm
- 2What is the cell wall of fungi made up of?Complex carbohydrate polymers including chitin
- 3What is the clinical relevance of chitin?Presence in blood allows fungi to be identified as this is a molecule not found in host cells
- 4How do fungi obtain nutrition?Absorb organic molecules from immediate surroundings
- 5Why are fungal populations stable with little variation?Asexual reproduction (spores) produces clones
Can also reproduce sexually through meiosis - 6What are the 2 main morphological forms of fungi?Moulds and yeasts
- 7What are hyphae?Basic cell unit of moulds
Apically elongating cylindrs - 8What strengthens the cellular wall of hyphae?Cross walls or septae
- 9Why are hyphae described as acellular?Cannot distinguish individual cells, often several nuclei per segment
Entire organism joined by pores in septae - 10Why is communication of cytoplasm throughout the organism a disadvantage to fungi?Makes them susceptible to drugs
- 11What is a mycelium?Network of hyphae forming the body of the mould
- 12What are the 2 types of mycelium?Submerged vegetative mycelium
Aerial mycelium bearing asexual spores - 13What are yeasts?Alternative growth form to hyphae
Round spore will never elongate to form hyphae
Consists of discrete, often ovoid cells - 14How do yeasts reproduce?Budding
- 15What are dimorphic fungi?Produce yeasts and hyphae
Hyphae in ideal conditions
Yeasts between hosts or in environment - 16What are pseudo-mycelium?Intermediate form of growth between hyphae and yeasts, in which elongated budding cells form pseudohyphae
- 17What is a fungal colony?Mycelium or mass of yeast cells in culture, usually grown from a single hyphal fragment or yeast cell
- 18Are fungi smaller or larger than bacteria?Larger
- 19What are the 4 phyla of fungu?Zygomycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Deuteromycota (fungi imperfecti) - 20Are yeasts a separate taxonomic group to moulds?No, unicellular fungi which may be members of any phylum
- 21Give an example of a Zygomycota fungusMucor
- 22What is the characteristic of vegetative hyphae in Zygomycota fungi?Vegetative hyphae lack septa
- 23How does asexual reproduction occur in Zygomycota fungi?Internal division of sporangium into many uninucleate sporangiospores
Disseminated in the air - 24How does sexual reproduction occur in Zygomycota fungi?Contact
- 25What is the term for the organism produced by sexual reproduction of Zygomycota?Zygosporangium
Thick walled multinucleate resting cell - 26What are aerial hyphae called in Zygomycota?Sporangiophores
- 27What is the characteristic of vegetative hyphae in Ascomycota fungi?Vegetative hyphae regularly septate
- 28How does asexual reproduction occur in Ascomycota fungi?Conidia (fruiting bodies)
- 29How does sexual reproduction occur in Ascomycota fungi?Haploid ascospores
Contained within a special cell in packets of 8 - 30Which cell type in Ascomycota fungi contains haploid ascospores?Ascus
- 31What is the name for the special fruiting body that protects ascospores in Ascomycota fungi?Ascoma
- 32Give an example of an Ascomycota fungiCup fungi
- 33Why are conidia useful for identification?Mnay different types so can be useful to distinguish genus and species
- 34What is the characteristic of vegetative hyphae in Basidiomycota fungi?Vegetative hyphae regularly septate
- 35Give 2 examples of Basidiomycota fungiBracket fungi
Mushrooms - 36How does asexual reproduction occur in Basidiomycota fungi?Conidia
- 37How does sexual reproduction occur in Basidiomycota fungi?Haploid basidiospores
- 38Which cell type in Basidiomycota fungi carries basidiospores outside it?Basidium
- 39What are Deuteromycota?Artificial assemblage of fungi which produce only conidia with no sexual reproductive state
- 40Where have Deuteromycota evolved from?Ascomycota
Basidiomycota - 41In which phylum do most pathogenic species of fungi fit?Deuteromycota
- 42What are aerial hyphae called in Ascomycota or Basidiomycota?Conidiophores
- 43What are dermatophytes?Pathogenic fungi that grow on skin
- 44What are arthrospores?Conidia formed by simple fragmentation of hyphae in dermatophytes
Piece of vegetative mycelium breaks off - 45What is the term for unicellular conidia?Microconidia
- 46What is the term for multicellular conidia?Macroconidia
- 47How are conidia produced in culture?Modified lateral hyphae of dermatophytes
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- Animal Disease 1 (Agents of Disease) Flashcards on Fungal Physiology, created by Florence Edwards on 19/01/2017.
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- Florence Edwards
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