Flashcards
3. Colonial society in the 18th century (1607-1754)
Cards in this deck (32)
- 1English cultural dominationMost immigrants were English, and therefore the English culture dominated. However, there were immigrants from other countries too, as well as a large slave population. This affected the American culture too.
- 2Benjamin West & John CopleyTwo American painters who traveled to England to get training and financial support to establish themselves as prominent artists.
- 3Benjamin FranklinAn important figure in the time period and a founding father; he was a statesman, author, publisher, scientist, inventor and diplomat.
- 4Poor Richard's AlmanackAn almanac that Benjamin Franklin wrote under a pseudonym. It was very popular and well written.
- 5Phillis WheatleyAn African American female poet.
- 6John Bartram of PhiladelphiaA self taught scientist
- 7MinistersAlways respected in America. Ministers were often the only people in the settlement who had any education.
- 8PhysiciansDoctors weren't of much good, and didn't get good education besides being some famous physician's apprentices. Franklin opened a medicine division in his college of Philadelphia (later to become UPenn)
- 9LawyersLawyers were viewed as trouble makers who talk a lot, but in the 18th century, when the country developed and more complex issues arose, they became popular.
- 10Jonathan EdwardsA congregational minister in New England who was a part of the Great Awakening.
- 11George WhitefieldA minister who came from England and held popular sermons. Preached that a sincere soul could understand gospels without a minister leading them.
- 12Religious tolerationWhen compared to Europeans, the Americans were more tolerating towards various denominations and religions.
- 13Established churchA church which is connected to the state, and is funded by direct taxing.
- 14The Great AwakeningA religious movement that reached its height in the 1730's and 1740's, wherein the already religious Americans became super religious. This made religion more emotional. An emphasis on the eternal suffering in hell of sinners.
- 15Cotton MatherA Massachusetts minister whose writing were a popular read.
- 16Sectarian vs. Non sectarian collegesMost higher education was sectarian i.e. sponsored and affiliated with a certain denomination. One exception of that was Franklin's College of Philadelphia.
- 17Subsistence farmingFarming only for the purpose of feeding you family, little is left for trade.
- 18John Hector ST John de CrevecoeurWrote about his life in the American colonies, presenting a new, more developed society than that of the 17th century.
- 19Colonial FamiliesPatriarchal, many children. The women were working besides their husband, taking care of house duties, raising and educating the children.
- 20GermansSettled in the rich farmlands west of Philadelphia, retained their culture. By 1775 were 6% of the population.
- 21Scotch-IrishPeople who moved from Scotland to Ireland, then pressured by Britain to move to the colonies - didn't like Britain. By 1775 they were 7% of the population.
- 22HuguenotsFrench protestant immigrants.
- 23Dutch, Swedes, FrenchMinorities which made up about 5% of the population (1775).
- 24Africans20% of the population by 1775. 90% were in the southern colonies. Hereditary slaves, discriminating laws in all colonies.
- 25Social MobilityWith the exception of the Africans, all classes had the opportunity to improve.
- 26Hereditary aristocrisyDidn't exist in the extreme way it did in Europe. Class range was narrower.
- 27The Zenger CaseJohn Peter Zenger wrote something about the governor of NY. It was illegal at the time, even if what he said was true, but the jury claimed he wasn't guilty. A big step in freedom of speech.
- 28Andrew HamiltonZenger's lawyer.
- 29Colonial governorsWere chosen either by the king or the proprietor (in Pennsylvania, Maryland and Delaware) or by the people (in Rhode Island and Connecticut)
- 30Colonial LegislatureConsisted of two house, the lower elected by the people, and the higher elected by the ones who elected the governor.
- 31County GovernmentIn the south, settling was sparse and in solitary plantations/farms. Therefore, countries with sheriffs were formed.
- 32Town meetingsIn the north, where most people lived in adjacency, town meetings were held to deal with different matters.
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- SAT2 U.S. History Flashcards on 3. Colonial society in the 18th century (1607-1754), created by Moshe Polak on 30/01/2017.
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- Moshe Polak
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