Flashcards
Geography RESTLESS EARTH Key terms
Cards in this deck (43)
- 1CrustThe outer layer of the earth made of solid rock
- 2MantleThe dense, mostly solid layer between the outer core and the crust. It is about 2,900km thick
- 3Plate MarginThe boundary where two plates meet
- 4PlateA section of the Earth's crust
- 5Convection CurrentsThe circular currents of heat in the mantle
- 6Inner CoreThe innermost hottest part of the Earth. It is primarily solid and it is believed to consist of an iron-nickle alloy
- 7Outer CoreThe outer core lies above the inner core below the mantle. It is a liquid layer mostly of iron and nickel
- 8Ocean TrenchesDeep sections of the ocean, where an oceanic plate is sinking below a continental plate
e.g. Peru Chile Trench - 9Composite VolcanoesA steep sided volcano that is made up of a variety of materials, such as lava and ash
- 10Shield VolcanoesA broad volcano that is mostly made up of lava
- 11Hot spotsA section of the Earth's crust where plumes of magma rise, weakening the crust. These are away from plate boundaries.
- 12Fold MountainsLarge mountain ranges where rock layers have been crumpled as they have been forced together
e.g. The Alps - 13Pyroclastic FlowA fast-moving,current of superheated gas and rock, which reaches speeds moving away from a volcano of up to 700km/ph.
- 14VentAn opening in the Earths crust where molten lava and gases escape onto the land surface or into the atmosphere
- 15ConeThey are made up by fragments ejected from the vent. Volcanic cones are of different types depending on the nature and size of them.
- 16CraterA bowl-shaped geological formation at the top of a volcano
- 17Secondary coneSecondary cones build up around secondary vents on larger volcanoes
- 18Magma ChamberA magma chamber is a large underground pool of molten rock sitting underneath the Earth's crust. This magma is less dense than the surrounding mantle and so it seeps up to the surface through cracks in the crust. When it reaches the surface it result sin a volcanic eruption.
- 19LaharThese secondary effects of a volcanic eruption are mudflows resulting from ash mixing with rain.
- 20Hydro-Electric powerThe use of flowing water to turn turbines to generate electricity
- 21TranshumanceThe seasonal movement of animals
- 22Natural HazardAn occurrence over which people have little control, which poses a threat to people's lives and possessions.
- 23Primary EffectsThe immediate effects of an event
- 24Secondary Effectsthe after-effects that occur as an indirect effect of an event
- 25Immediate ResponsesHow people react as a disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath.
- 26Medium/long term responsesLater reactions that occur in the weeks, months and years after an event
- 27AidMoney, food, training and technology given by richer countries to poorer ones, either to help them with an emergency or to encourage long-term development.
- 28SupervolcanoA mega colossal volcano that erupts at least 1,000km3 of material
- 29CalderaThe depression of a super volcano marking the collapsed magma chamber
- 30FissuresExtended openings along a line of weakness that allows magma to escape.
- 31GeothermalWater that is heated beneath the ground, which comes to the surface in a variety of ways
- 32GeyserA geothermal feature in which water erupts into the air under pressure
- 33EarthquakeA sudden and often violent shift in the rocks forming the Earth's crust, which is felt at the surface
- 34FocusThe point in the Earth's crust where an earthquake originates
- 35EpicentreThe point at the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
- 36ShockwavesSeismic waves generated by an earthquake that pass through the Earth's crust
- 37Richter ScaleA logarithmic scale ranging from 0 - 10 used for measuring earthquakes, based on scientific recordings of the amount of movement
- 38Mercalli ScaleA means of measuring earthquakes by describing and comparing the damage done on a scale of I to XII.
- 39The three P'sPREDICTION
PROTECTION
PREPARATION - 40PREDICTIONAttempts to forecast an event, where and when it will happen based on current knowledge
- 41PROTECTIONConstructing buildings so that they are safe to live in and will not collapse
- 42PREPARATIONOrganising activities and drills so that people know what to do in the event of an earthquake.
- 43TsunamiA special type of wave where the entire depth of the sea or ocean is set in motion by an event, often and earthquake, which displaces the water above it
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- Flashcards on Geography RESTLESS EARTH Key terms , created by sophie9040 on 16/04/2014.
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- sophie9040 · Apr 2014
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- Feb 19, 2016
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