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ch.7 flashcards
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- 1chapter 7human relations
- 2object relations theorists?seek to understand the interaction between intrapsychic dynamics and interpersonal relationships p.158
- 3relational-cultural theory?a perspective that has enormous potential to reshape our understandings; emphasize the inter psychic experience of relationships or the connection or disconnections that occur between people in relationships. p.158
- 4what is the aim of an object?the aim of relational needs in human development, and object relations are the intrapsychic experiences of those early relationships.(people,things) p.158
- 5Melanie Klein?Focused on relations between people; drives are psychological forces that seek people as their objects p.158
- 6what is splitting?object image into opposites in the internal world of fantasy permits children to treat the internalized object as clearly bad or good while continuing to trust ad love the actual external person who is an intricate combination of both p.159
- 7Margaret Mahler?explored the processes of separation and individuation by which the child emerges from a symbiotic, or intimate, fusion with the mother and assumes individual characteristics. constructed a sequence of stages through which the ego passes in the process of becoming an individual. p.160
- 8separation-individualization?begins about the fourth month and leads to the formation of a stable self-concept at the end of 3. Separation implies physical differentiation and separateness from one’s primary caregiver. Individuation suggests psychological growth away from one’s primary caregiver and toward one’s unique identity p.160
- 9normal autism and normal symbiosis?in which the infant’s ego develops from a state of absolutely primary narcissism to a recognition of an external world. At this time there is no real separation of self from mother, but developments may occur that promote or impede the subsequent individuation process. p.160
- 10what are the 4 stages of separation-individualization?differentiation, practicing, rapprochement, consoldation p.160
- 11differentiation?the development go a body image separate from that of the mother(5-9 months) p.160
- 12practicing?perfecting motor abilities and developing physical independence(10-14 months) p.160
- 13rapprochement?increased awareness of separateness from its mother, with accompanying sensitivity to her absence that express a conflict between the urge to separate and the fear of loss and a recognition that mothers have both good and bad aspects(14-24 months) p.160
- 14consolidation?unification of the good and bad in mother with the image of her as a separate entity in the external world and the beginning of the childs own individuality and separate personhood as seen in the development of a self-concept based on a stable sense of "me"(2-3 years) p.160
- 15what was a normal, healthy baby to Mahler?infants who show a "drive for and towards individuation" p161
- 16Heinz Kohut?emphasize the importance of effectively meeting early infantile needs. he stressed empathy and introspection p.161
- 17what is self-theory?theory and school of psychology p.161
- 18what does mirrored mean?to have their talk and their accomplishments acknowledged, accepted, and praised. p.161
- 19idealization?the tendency of children to idealize their parents. p.161
- 20the nuclear self?a preliminary core self, emerges in the second year; is bipolar p.161
- 21autonomous self?has qualities of self-esteem and self-confidence, establishes both general ambition and precise goals, and develops talents and skills in order to meet them. p.161
- 22narcissism?an exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-involvement p.162
- 23what did Kohut believe about the oedipus complex?is children developed normally, the oedipus complex can be joyful p.162
- 24Otto Kernberg?believes that people who suffer from narcissistic disorders have parents who were indifferent and cold. p.163
- 25Borderline personality disorder?patients are unable to engage in introspection, develop insight, and work through problems. strong mood swings and inclined to see significant others as all good or all bad. p.163
- 26what is splitting?failing to consolidate positive and negative experiences between oneself and other people p.163
- 27transference-focused psychotherapy?emphasizes current behavior and focuses on the patients distortions of reality, such as distorted view of the therapist p.163
- 28what does Kernberg think of aggression?aggression is a major motivating force, and rage is the necessary emotion contributing to the the feeling of aggression as a drive. p.164
- 29mature religiosity?an integrated value system that entails the prevalence of love over hatred and libido over the death drive.
- 30Nancy Chodorow?explored the significance of object relations for feminist and social theories
- 31reproduction of mothering?by which the mother-daughter relationship instills in the daughter maternal capacities and a desire to take on the role of mother in future relationship p.165
- 32relational-cultural theory?understanding personality developed in which two-directional dynamic of the mother-daughter relationship is an early model or pattern for studying and learning emotional connectedness and mutual empathy p.168
- 33connections?basic origins of growth and development p.170
- 34disconnections?derail us and block our growth p.170
- 35relationship-differentiation?a process that entails increasing levels of complexity within the framework of human relationships p.170
- 36relational development?the study of how people develop in terms of their ability to connect and relate to others p.170
- 37mutuality?a way of relating and sharing in which all are fully participating p.171
- 38empathy?entails experiencing the feelings and thoughts of another while simultaneously knowing one's own different feelings and thoughts p.171
- 39zest?the feeling of authentic connection p.172
- 40what is a disconnection?the break that is experienced when a person cannot engage in mutually empathetic and empowering relationships p.173
- 41what are the 3 characteristics of a disconnected family?secrecy, parental inaccessibility, and parentification p.173
- 42secrecy in families?which denies "unacceptable" reality p.173
- 43parental inaccessibility?which precludes mutually empathetic relationships p.174
- 44parentification?which requires the child to act prematurely as the grown-up p.174
- 45the relational model reconceives..?traditional concepts such as anger, dependence, courage, shame, and sexual desire and orientation p.176
- 46anger?a necessary signal that something is wrong and needs to be changed;women have a tendency to confuse anger with violence and oppression p.176
- 47dependence?redefined as a process of letting other people help us to cope physically and emotionally with experiences and tasks when we do not have belief in ourselves p.176
- 48courage?redefined in a contextual relational manner so that it no longer refers to a solitary accomplishment but to an action taken in spite of fear and supported by the encouragement of others p.176
- 49self-esteem?emerges from relational confidence rather than mastery or self-efficacy
- 50shame?a deep yearning for connection while perceiving oneself as unworthy p.176
- 51sexual desire?empathetic communication rather than one of achievement and performance p.176
- 52mirror neurons?each time an individual sees an action done by another individual, neurons that represent that action are activated in the motor cortex; mimic p.179
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- Flashcards on ch.7 flashcards, created by Esmeralda Arechiga on 19/02/2017.
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