Flashcards
11. Society, culture, and reform (1820-1860)
Cards in this deck (50)
- 1Utopian CommunitiesSocial experiments in community life. They were plentiful during the antebellum.
- 2ShakersA Utopian religious society which lived in communities and in complete separation between men and women. It stopped because there weren't enough people in it.
- 3Amana ColoniesA German utopian piotist (religious wave) community. It continues to this day though they don't practice their communal ways of living anymore.
- 4Robert OwenA socialist reformer who opened a community in Indiana, named New Harmony. It fell apart due to disagreements within its members.
- 5Oneida CommunityA cooperative community in Oneida, NY, where members shared property and partners. The community could prosper in spite of the controversy around it due to its high quality silverware manufacturing.
- 6John Humphrey NoyesThe founder of Oneida Community.
- 7Charles Fourier FalanxesInvented communal living and working quarters to fight competitiveness in the world. Americans proved too individualistic and it died out.
- 8Horace MannAdvocated mandatory public education.
- 9The American Temperance SocietyIn efforts to reduce drinking in the US, his society tried to convince people to take a pledge of complete abstinence.
- 10The WashingtoniansA group of recovering alcoholic that argued that alcoholism was a disease that needs a practical treatment.
- 11Women's Christian Temperance UnionHelped with propagandizing temperance.
- 12Dorothea DixFought for medical treatment and better healthcare for the mentally ill. She was appalled at seeing patients held in the same cells as convicted criminals.
- 13Thomas GallaudetOpened a school for the deaf.
- 14Dr. Samuel Gridley HoweOpened a school for the blind.
- 15PenitentiariesNew prisons (started in Pennsylvania)
- 16Auburn SystemIn NY, a prison system that made prisoners work all day and be in solitary confinement all night. It led to high suicide rates.
- 17McGuffey textbooksBooks that taught not only literacy itself, but also values such as hard work, discipline, etc.
- 18American Colonization SocietyA moderate anti-slavery movement that attempted to create a black colony in Africa, but it didn't succeed.
- 19American Antislavery SocietyWilliam Lloyd Garrison, an abolitionist, founded an antislavery society with other people, burning the constitution as a proslavery document and arguing for "no Union with slaveholders".
- 20William Floyd GarrisonAn abolitionist who published the newspaper The Liberator, an event that marks the beginning of the radical abolitionist movement.
- 21Frederick DouglassA former slave who spoke against slavery and published his own antislavery journal, The Morning Star.
- 22Harriet Tubman, David Ruggles, Sojourner Truth, William StillBlack abolitionists who helped slaves escape to the north, where slavery was illegal.
- 23Henry Highland GarnetA black man from the north who believed that slaves should revolt against their masters.
- 24Nat TurnerLed a rebellion against his masters. They killed 55 whites, who retaliated and killed hundreds of blacks.
- 25Antebellum PeriodThe period before the civil war. It was characterized by many political reforms in the north and by growing in industrialization and manufacturing. On the other hand, the south increased its use of slaves all the more.
- 26TranscendentalistsThinkers who were affected by the romanticism in Europe, who praised individual thought and exploration, as long as getting closer to nature.
- 27Ralph Waldo EmersonA transcendentalist from Concord, MA., who was a public speaker and who supported creation of a distinct American culture, as in the speech "The American Scholar".
- 28Henry David ThoreauAnother transcendentalist from Concord, MA. who talked about getting closer to nature (leaving to live in a secluded hut in nature). Also, in "On Civil Disobedience" Thoreau planted the first seeds of non violent protests, with his mentioning that wrong laws are to be ignored. To set an example of himself, he refused to pay taxes to fund the Mexican war.
- 29Brook FarmA community of transcendentalist thinkers who lived on a farm which searched for a more natural balance between thought and handiwork. It didn't live on because of economic trouble.
- 30George RipleyA protestant minister who launched Brook Farm.
- 31Margaret FullerA feminist on Brook Farm.
- 32Theodore ParkerA theologian and radical reformer on Brook Farm.
- 33George Caleb BinghamA painter who depicted common American people (the center of attention turned away from the wealthy).
- 34William S. MountPainter who depicted lively rural images.
- 35Thomas Cole and Frederick ChurchPainters who emphasized the heroic beauty of American landscapes, especially among the Hudson River.
- 36The Hudson River schoolA painters' school (Cole & Church) who expressed the romantic age's fascination with the natural world.
- 37Washington Irving & James Fenimore CooperAmerican writers who wrote fiction in an American setting.
- 38Nathaniel HawthorneA writer on Brook Farm who questioned intolerance and conformity in his works.
- 39Sylvester GrahamCrackers that were supposed to improve digestion.
- 40Amelia BloomerLed a dress reform for women to get women to wear pantalettes instead of long skirts.
- 41Second Great AwakeningAnother religious wave that took place at the beginning of the 19th century.
- 42Timothy DwightPresident of Yale College who motivated young men to become evangelical preachers through campus revivals (a series of religious meetings).
- 43MillenialismThe belief that the world was about to end at a certain date.
- 44MormonsChurch of the Latter Day Saints. Believed that American Indians had something to do with the lost tribes of Israel and endorsed polygamy.
- 45Joseph SmithFounder of the Mormon church.
- 46Brigham YoungThe second leader of the Mormons (after Joseph Smith was murdered by local mob) who led his believers to New Zion on the banks of the Great Salt Lake in Utah.
- 47Cult of DomesticityA view that regarded women as the moral authority at home, as a result of men being away from home at work.
- 48Sarah GrimkeTogether with her sister, Angelina, protested against male opposition to their antislavery activities. She wrote the Letter on the condition of women and the equality of the sexes.
- 49Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Candy StantonCampaigned for women's rights after being barred from speaking at an antislavery convention.
- 50Seneca Falls ConventionA discussion of feminists that led to the Declaration of Sentiments that declared that "All men and women were created equal". Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, who participated at the convention, led the campaign for equal voting, legal, and property rights for women. However, due to the slavery crisis at the 50's the issue got less attention.
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- SAT2 U.S. History Flashcards on 11. Society, culture, and reform (1820-1860), created by Moshe Polak on 25/02/2017.
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