7874840
Description
Flashcards by Teya Gripske, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Teya Gripske
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Zionism/Zionist Movements | "The national movement for the return of the Jewish people to their homeland and the resumption of Jewish domination in the land of Israel." |
| DIASPORA | "The resettling of Jews beyond Israel." (Jews living outside of Israel, Jews being expelled from Israel) - Expulsion from the Holy Lands, from Judea and Jerusalem in Roman times as well as during the middle ages. |
| UN Proposal for Partition | The United Nations General Assembly decided in 1947 on the partition of Palestine (dividing into parts) into Jewish and Arab states. |
| State of Palestine | Is a sovereign state in the middle east that is recognised by 136 UN members and claims the west bank and the Gaza strip. |
| Palestinian's outrage | Why should they give up their Holy Lands when they had nothing to do with the Holocaust or Diaspora? The land settlement gave more land to the Jews than the Arabs which was perceived as deeply unfair. (UN proposal for partition = 56.4% of land to Israelis and 43.53% of land to Palestinian's). |
| First Arab-Israeli War 1947-48 (Palestinian's) | Was caused by the Arab retaliation to the UN partition decision and the desire to prevent the partition from happening. |
| First Arab-Israeli War 1947-48 (Israeli's) | Was caused by the Jewish desire to win control of Jerusalem and their defence of their new found right to land. The war was won by Israel while the Palestinian's lost land and approx. 20,000 die. |
| Before the First war (1947) | After all wars (1973) |
| Haganah | Was formed in 1921 and was a military organisation that represented Jews and defended Jewish settlements. The Haganah had a restrained policy and clashed with Britain forces, eventually becoming the Israel Defence Force, and opposing the acts of the Irgun group. |
| Irgun | The Irgun group rejected Haganah and took a more extremist approach. It was formed in 1931 by dissatisfied Haganah members, was violently anti-Arab and called for the use of force to establish a Jewish state on both sides of Jordan. |
| Lehi | The Lehi group was formed in 1940 and conducted extremist activities in order to conquer and liberate Israel. The group split from Irgun and aimed to evict the British from Palestine to allow unlimited immigration for Jews. It also became part of the Israel Defence Force.. |
| Suez War of 1956 | Was an international catastrophe when the president of Egypt (President Abdel Nasser) seized the Suez Canal, and involved Britain, France, Egypt, Israel, and Arab powers. Israel played a supporting role but showed the Zionist was weak and inevitably encouraged Arab Nationalism. |
| The Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO) | Was formed in 1964 and has been the embodiment of the Palestinian national movement. It is a national liberation movement striving to achieve the goals of the Palestinian people, including the independence of the state of Palestine with East Jerusalem as its capital. |
| 1967 | Yasser Arafat (former Palestinian president) was appointed chairman of the PLO. |
| The Six Day War of 1967 | Was conflict between Israel, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, and Lebanon. Israel launched a pre-emptive strike against Egypt on the 5th of June 1967, destroying 90% of Egypt's air forces. Arab armies immediately retreated after the feat was won by Israel, they lost more land, and approx. 18,000 Palestinian's, Jordanian's, and Syrian's die. |
| Yom Kippur War of 1973 | Was a surprise attack on Israel made by Syria and Egypt on the 6th of October 1973. Although won by Israel, Arab leaders proclaimed the war as a victory, despite losing even more land and 15,000 die, (mostly Palestinian's). |
| The McMahon Agreement of 1915 | Was an agreement accepted by Palestinian's as a promise by the British that after WWI, land previously held by the Turks (Islam, Sunni & Shiite Muslims) would be returned to the Arab nationals who lived in that land. This agreement seems to directly clash with the Balfour Declaration. |
| The Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916 | Was a secret understanding during WWI between Great Britain and France, for the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire. It conflicted with pledges already given by the British on the understanding by the Sharif of Mecca that the Arabs would receive a much more important share of the territory won. |
| The Balfour Declaration of 1917 | Was a declaration that recognised the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. This promise was exactly in line with European Zionist leader's hopes and designs for a homeland in Palestine. |
| Mandates | After WWI, the entire Israel-Palestinian region was divided by Britain and France, who had been granted controlling 'mandates' under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. France held Syria and Lebanon, while Britain controlled Iraq and Greater Palestine. |
| The San-Remo Conference | Was a meeting held after WWI attended by Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan in 1920 where it decided to put Palestine under British Mandatory rule. At this meeting, Allies confirmed the pledge of the Balfour Declaration concerning the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine. |
| British Mandate for Palestine of 1922 | The League of Nations entrusted Great Britain with the Mandate for Palestine. They called upon to facilitate the establishment of a Jewish national home in the land of Israel. Shortly afterwards the League of Nations and Great Britain decided that the Jewish national home would not apply to the area east of the Jordan River, and predominantly granted the Jewish and Arab communities the right to run their internal affairs. |
| The Passfield White Paper of 1930 | The White paper limited official Jewish immigration and was at an anti-Zionist point of view. This backtracked from the commitments stated in the Balfour Declaration and would limit Jewish immigration to Palestine. |
| The Peel Commission of 1936-37 | Was set out to propose changes to the British Mandate and was condemned by the Arab's. It was established at a time of violence which lasted for three years between the Jews and Arabs. The Peel Commission released a report that it recommended partition, and according to the Peel Report, Arab allegations regarding Jewish land purchase were unfounded. |
| The British White Paper of 1939 | Was a result of a conference that failed to produce the desired results of bringing peace in Palestine. The White Paper layed out a permanent limitation on Jewish immigration. The Arabs and Jews were both not happy with this, Jews all over the world considered this White Paper as a betrayal by the British. |
| Effect of Nazism | Hitler's persecution of Jews caused many to flee Germany and into neighbouring countries such as Palestine. Many arrived illegally, while the British continued to concentrate on satisfying the Arabs. |
| The Establishment of Israel | On May 14, 1948, the British Mandate over Palestine expired, gathering the Jewish People's Council to declare the establishment of the State of Israel and the new state was then recognised by the US and USSR. |
| Arab Nationalism | Is an ideology which rose to prominence in the 1950's as Arab nations began to gain Independence from former colonial powers. Its main goal was to achieve independence of Western influence for all Arab countries. |
| The United Nations | Formed in 1945, the United Nations was designed to increase political and economic cooperation among member countries. The international organisation works to improve human rights and reduce global conflicts. |
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