Ch.3 Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Psychology Flashcards on Ch.3 Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience, created by Thomas Davis on 07/03/2017.
Thomas Davis
Flashcards by Thomas Davis, updated more than 1 year ago
Thomas Davis
Created by Thomas Davis about 7 years ago
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Question Answer
Single-Cell Recordings Animals: Extensively used in a variety of visual and auditory tasks Humans: Occasionally used in treating epilepsy of the medial temporal lobe (MTL)
Stages of Memory Encode: identify the visible target Compare: compare mental representation of the target with the representations of items in memory Decide: does target match one of the memorized items? Respond: Make the correct decision
Lobe Damage and Cognitive Dissociation (testing memory)
Deep Brain Stimulation Surgical implants of a microelectrode directly in the brain (Can help manage Parkinson's)
Magnetoencephalography Averages the recorded magnetic fields from synaptic activity that are perpendicular to the current
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Used to briefly disrupt cognitive processing Greater impact on surface cortical areas
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Low-level currents that result in action potentials under the anodes
Magnetic Resonance Imaging In a normal state, orientation of spinning protrons is random MRI magnetic field aligns the orientation protons Applying a radio frequency pulse shifts the proton axes in a predictable manner and puts them in an elevated energy state When the pulse is turned off, the MRI detects the energy released when the protons reorient to the magnetic field
Positron Emission Tomography Measures blood flow, oxygen use, and sugar (glucose) metabolism
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) Signal This is an indirect measure of neural activity.
Computed Tomography CT/CAT Multiple X-rays used to get 3-D structure of the brain
Diffusion Tensor Imaging DTI Uses magnetic resonance scanner to measure white matter pathways (the density and motion of water in the axons)
Tools for Measuring Neural Activity
Cognitive Approach Studies mental activity as an information-processing problem Information depends on internal representation Mental representations undergo transformation
Word Superiority Effect More accurate identifying a target letter if it is presented in a word
Angiogram Provides image of arteries in the brain by taking an x-ray after injecting a dye
Stroop Task Read the color of the presented word, not the color the word spells
Epilepsy Excessive and abnormally patterned activity in the brain
Pharmacological Studies Administration of a drug that mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter (promotes or inhibits transmission; agonist or antagonist)
Gene Knockout Procedures Allows scientists to explore the consequences of the lack of expression of a single gene in order to determine its role in behavior
Multiunit Recording Recording many individual neurons simultaneously
Electroencephalography Electrodes embedded in a cap used to record electrical potentials at the scalp
Event-Related Potential A tiny signal embedded in an ongoing EEG triggered by a stimulus. By averaging the traces, a signal reflecting neural activity can be extracted that is specifically related to the event that provoked it
Electrocortogram Like an EEG, but the electrodes are placed directly on the surface of the brain
Block Design Experiment Neural activity is recorded over a "block" of time during which a participant is shown a stimulus or performs a task
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