Flashcards
Hypertension 1
Cards in this deck (16)
- 1How big a problem is hypertension?major risk factor for stroke and ischaemic heart disease, and is a major contributor to chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease
- 2What is blood pressure?When a fluid, like blood, moves through a container it exerts a force on the walls
Blood pressure is the is the force that blood exerts on the walls of a blood vessel - 3Blood pressureRefers to systemic arterial blood pressure
Systolic versus diastolic pressure - 4Systolic versus diastolic pressureSystolic pressure- Ventricles contracting
Diastolic pressure- Ventricles relaxing
Blood pressure = ratio between those two - 5Mean arterial blood pressureAverage of systolic and diastolic pressure
normal range= 70-110mm of Hg - 6What determines MAP?How much blood the heart is pumping out
How much resistance is offered by blood vessels to blood flow - 7What determines how much blood the heart can pump out?Volume of blood present
How hard the heart contracts
How fast the heart is beating - 8How much resistance is offered by blood vesselsPrinciple determinant of resistance to blood flow within the systemic circulation is the size of arterioles
The smaller the blood vessel the harder it is for blood to pass through
Arterioles can increase or decrease in size to alter blood pressure - 9Arteriole DilationDilating an arteriole will DECREASE resistance to blood flow and DECREASE blood pressure
- 10Arteriole ConstrictionConstriction of an arteriole will INCREASE resistance to blood flow and INCREASE blood pressure
- 11How do we control blood pressure?Change the amount of blood that the heart is pumping out
Alter the size of arterioles
Two main systems:
Nervous system control
Hormonal control - 12Nervous system control of blood pressureautonomic nervous system
Activation of sympathetic nervous system INCREASES blood pressure
Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system DECREASES blood pressure - 13Nervous system control of blood pressureautonomic nervous system
Activation of sympathetic nervous system INCREASES blood pressure
Increases the amount of blood pumped by the heart
Increases resistance offered by arterioles - 14Nervous system control of blood pressureautonomic nervous system
Activation of parasympathetic nervous system DECREASES blood pressure
Decreases the amount of blood pumped by the heart
Decreases resistance offered by arterioles - 15Hormonal control of blood pressure: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)Cells within the kidney respond to a drop in pressure
When stimulated they produce a hormone called RENIN - 16Hormonal control of blood pressure: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)1. Liver- releases angiotensinogen
2. Kidney- releases renin
3. angiotensinogen+renin= Angiotension 1
4. Lungs- releases ACE (increase BP)
5. Angiotension (active ingredient)- causes vasoconstriction of arterioles, increase BP, increase HR, increases contractility, increases blood volume
6. adrenal glands- produce ADH and Aldosterone
7. aldosterone (end product)- BP regulation, conserve water, increase BP
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- Biology of Human Disease 1 Flashcards on Hypertension 1, created by Elizabeth Then on 19/03/2017.
- Created by
- Elizabeth Then · Mar 2017
- Updated
- Mar 19, 2017
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