Flashcards
Changes in Gaze behaviour
Cards in this deck (15)
- 1Give the two types of photoreceptors in the retina and give what they do.Rods - detect low light levels, insensitive to fine details and colour.
Cones - can detect fine details but don't work well in low light - 2Where are the rods and cones located on the retina?Rods are located in the peripheral vision, whereas Cones are mainly concentrated in the middle (the fovea)
- 3Give the 4 main types of eye movement and explain what they are.Saccade - very fast eye movements from one point to another, saccadic suppression occurs during this.
Smooth pursuit- following an object once you have focused on it, can't be replicated without a target. Relatively slow.
Vestibular ocular reflex- the counteracting eye movements which cancel out our head movements
Vergence: Where we keep both eyes locked on the ball as it comes towards us so eye inwardly rotate at the same rate to track the ball - 4Why is a visual search strategy necessary?We cant veiw the whole visual scene in one look, we need to move ours eyes round to take in all of it. however we are normally severely pressed for time therefore need to select the most important things to look at
- 5What is a visual search strategy normally guided by?Athletes previous experience stored in long term memory, meaning they have learned which the most important bits of information are and chosen to focus on them.
- 6What is fixation duration used for in research?We measure how long someone looked as a certain point and then we assume that the longer they look at this point the more important that point is in relation to successful performance.
- 7Give three main situations we use in visual search research?Gaze on a picture, gaze on a video, gaze during a real life sports performance.
- 8Give 4 different methods of measuring eye movements. briefly describe each of them.electrooculography - measure potential difference across the eye which changes as it moves.
infrared reflectance - shining a beam of infrared light into the eye and using sensors to detect how it has been refracted.
Video oculography- using cameras to track the pupils movement and then correlating this with a forward facing camera to find the point at which we are looking.
Scleral coil- small coil inserted into the eye which tracks all eye movements - 9Describe the results found between elite and novice football goalkeepers eye movements when trying to predict where the ball would go.Experts showed fewer eye movements, and their eye movements were more consistent across trials. Experts also ignored certain areas such as the left side of the body for a right footed players.
- 10Suggest what else is commonly found with visual search research, particularly in basketball players.Found that novices lock their vision on obvious areas such as the person who they are about to pass to, this can lead to a pass which is easily intercepted (because they haven't looked where other teammates and defenders are)
- 11Describe the findings of Vickers 1992 into golfers and where they looked during a putting task.Vickers 1992 looked at high handicap and low handicap players. Found that lower handicap players made fewer eye movements, whereas higher handicap players looked at everything for an equal duration.
- 12Describe how elite baseball players are able to follow fast pitches despite the speed being so high.They use smoother pursue initially however make a quick saccade to an anticipated point the ball will cross the plate. This was examined in a major -league baseball player. Although when he didn't jump his eyes ahead he lost sight of the ball 5.5ft from the plate while novices lost sight 9ft from the plate. elite used both eye movements and head movements while novices only used one, elite has a consistent batting stance and eye movements from pitch to pitch.
- 13Give why cricket is more complicated for batters to follow the balls movement. What do expert players do with their eye movements? Which paper showed this?The bounce makes it harder to predict where the ball will be. So expert players make a predictive saccade to where the ball will bounce and then make a smooth pursuit from the bounce point to hitting the ball. Land 2000
- 14Describe a study which looked at the importance of peripheral vs central vision.Ryu 2013, looked at either the full image, just the central vision with the rest blacked out or just the peripheral vision with the central vision blacked out. Found that skilled performers could maintain high level of performance in all conditions while less skilled performers were highly dependant on central vision.
- 15Suggest an explanation as to why experts need to move their eyes less?They are able to take in bigger chunks of information at one time (evidence from memory of players better in sporting situations compared to novice)
Information
- Description
- Skill Acquisition and Motor Learning Flashcards on Changes in Gaze behaviour, created by alexlpeart on 05/05/2014.
- Created by
- alexlpeart
- Views
- 21
- Rating