Flashcards
Life Changes and Daily Hassles
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1What are sources of stress?Any features in env that can cause stress
- 2Life Changes: What are Life Changes? (3)- Major stressors that are significant and infrequent life events
- Have to make significant psychological adjustment (expend psy energy) to adapt to changed cc
- Cumulative: the more changes, the higher the stress level - 3Life Changes: Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scales (2 + examples)- Assigned Life Change Units to items on a list (higher value = higher stress)
- Early research was retrospective, where ppts tick off all LCs they could remember in prev 12m)
E.g. divorce = 73, marriage = 50, death of a close friend = 37 - 4Life Changes: LCU scores findings (4)- Total score of LCUs correlated with illness experienced over same period
- Under 150: reasonable health in following yr
- 150-300: 50% risk
- 300 and up: 80% risk - 5Life Changes: Procedure of Rahe (4)- 2664 US navy personnel assigned to 3 ships
- Version of SRRS called Schedule of Recent Exps used
- 6 to 8 months tour of duty
- Any illness had to be reported & these records later gathered for calc score - 6Life Changes: Findings of Rahe (3)- Significant positive correlation of .118
- Low SRE scores = low level of illness at sea
- Positivity/negativity of events less associated - 7Life Changes: Cohen (4)- Nasal drip given to 394 ppts
- LCs assessed using SRE
- Quarantined
- Higher LCUs = more infection - 8Life Changes evaluation: Reliability :( (2)- Rahe: test- retest reliability of SRRS varied depending on time interval betw testing
- Retrospective: events happ long time ago not rel - 9Life Changes evaluation: Reliability :) (3)Hardt:
- interviwed ppts with childhood abuse
- time lag of 2.2yr betw ints
- Found moderate to good rel for most exps - 10Life Changes evaluation: Indv differences (2+2)- Subjective:
->death of elderly spouse = less than young who died by acc
-> minor stressors may cause high stress
- Brne and Whyte:
-> predict who would exp heart attack on basis of LC scores
-> only worked when subjective interpretation of SRRS took acc - 11Life Changes evaluation: Spurious relationship (1+3)- Correlation: anxiety as a third factor
Brown:
- ppl with high anx more likely to report stressful events and more illness
- ppl who are unwell -> provide exp for illness, so report more stress
- Mothers of children with Down Syndrome rep traumatic events more - 12Life Changes evaluation: Positivity and negativity of LCs are relevant (3)Turner and Wheaton:
- Asked ppts to rate desirability of LCs on SRRS
- Found neg events caused most of the stress
- Might be due to frustration ass with neg events - 13Daily Hassles: Why DH + definition + counteracting exps- Lazarus: LCs happen infreq/unpredictably, so DHs may give better understanding on link betw stress and illness
- Minor but freq aggravations and annoyances of everyday life
- Daily uplifts: positive exps - 14Daily Hassles: Two chars (1+3)- Accumulation: creates persistent frustrantion, leading to serious stress reactions e.g. anx or dep
- Amplification: LCs make ppl more vulnerable to DHs
-> deplete resources to cope with DHs
-> amplify exp of stress - 15Daily Hassles: Research into predicting psy illness - procedure (4)Kanner
- 100 ppts aged 45-67
- HSUP for prev m for 9 months
- Life events scale for preceding 6 m and 2yr periods, and at the end
- Hopkins Symptom Checklist used to assess anx/dep - 16Daily Hassles: Research into predicting psy illness - findings (3)- Found sig positive corr betw hassle freq and symptoms at the start and the end
- More hassle, more severe
- Stronger predictor than LCs - 17Daily Hassles: Another research.. (3)Bouteyre:
- French Psy students in initial period of transition from school to college
- Hassles part of HSUP and Beck Dep Inven
- Found postive corr betw scores - 18Daily Hassles evaluation: Research Support (3+1)Ivancevich:
=> completed HSUP and SRE
=> DHs superior predictors of poor health, low job perf, absenteeism
=> stressors in everyday life matters more than LCs we rarely exp
Sig body of research suggest hassles more valid exp than LCs - 19Daily Hassles evaluation: Retrospective ( :( +:) ):( particularly prob bc minor happenings easily forgotten e.g. losing keys
:) may be overcome by alternative: e.g. diary reporting DHs and neg feelings - 20Daily Hassles evaluation: Support for amplification + may be interaction more app (3)- Lou Li: hassles become last straw that nudges us over the edge into psy illness
- but means LCs are the real culprit
- Two-way rel: more valid to look how two sources interact than considering in isolation - 21Daily Hassles evaluation: gender diffs (2+1)Helms:
- Men and women have diff roles within most fams so exp same everyday events differently
=> e.g. domestic chores
Miller:
- for females, pets = uplifts, but male: hassles (beta bias)
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- Psy A2 (8. Stress) Flashcards on Life Changes and Daily Hassles, created by Field Jellyfish on 30/03/2017.
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- Field Jellyfish
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