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Flashcards

Deviance Study Notes

Michelle McKegney English 104 cards

Cards in this deck (104)

  1. 1Troubling Youthprimarily a threat to others
    and to society
  2. 2Troubled youthprimarily a threat to
    themselves (self-harm, drugs)
  3. 3Youth crime is:both a public issue and a
    social construction
  4. 4Super-predatoryoung ppl on the loose, don't know
    what you're gonna get, saying
    youth crime is out of control,
    fatherless, jobless (young black
    males)
  5. 5Moral Panicbased on perceptions, rather than reality of a problem how media spins the story to make us fearful, public gets stories of violence from the media, we don't learn the truth, coined by Stanley Cohen
  6. 6Elements of moral panicheightened concern, hostility, consensus about threat, disproportionality, volatility
  7. 7Most important influences of youth crimeeducation & school performance, peer interactions, family (adequate parents, positive environment)
  8. 8Youth criminal justice systemjuvenile delinquency act, young offenders act, youth criminal justice act
  9. 9Youth Advocatefocus on kids SES, people working front line interacting with kids, kids in need of protection not punishment, try to change the outcomes for these at risk youth
  10. 10Law & Orderyouth criminals are portrayed as the enemy, have to teach them a lesson, viewed kids as out of control, they said YCJS was not hard enough on kids
  11. 11Gangs, empirical researchfocuses on what type of incentives there are for joining a gang
  12. 12Gang, ethnographic researchpeople actually immense themselves in the community of youth
  13. 13Black crime problemmajor problem in Toronto, Montreal (big cities), picked up in the 1980s after the war on drugs, media demonize the "outside" groups
  14. 14Aboriginal Youthoverrepresented in detention facilities, tied to historic and structural factors facing Aboriginals, substance abuse and resulting violence, largest growing pop. in prison is young aboriginal women
  15. 15Differential Involvement & selectionI: says that racial minorities commit more crimes, S: says its because they're racially targeted so it seems like they're committing more crimes than whites
  16. 16Juvenile delinquents actperson 7 and older charged as a young offender, was about child saving, need to reform and fix the youth
  17. 17Parens Patriaedoctrine that gave the state the right to parents these children, the states takes over your guardianship and decide what happens
  18. 18Status offenceif you drink under the age of 19 it is a status offence, in olden days cheating on tests, skipping class etc. was a status offence (introduced under JDA)
  19. 19Young offenders actgot rid of status offence, young offender was 12-17, got rid of PP, limited accountability because they know what their actions are but are not to the same extent as parents
  20. 20Youth criminal justice actstill 12-17, declaration of principle, protection of the public through prevention, rehab, meaningful consequences, big focus on making amends,
  21. 21Sebastian's Law Bill C-4/SSCA10 things, no young offenders under 18 serve sentence in adult institution, require crown to consider adult sentences, require courts to consider publishing name of violent young offender
  22. 22Troubled Youth: Drug Useweed most common, multiple causes of smoking pot (not associated with bad things), we demonize drugs because it's illegal even though alcohol is legal worse things happen
  23. 23Troubled Youth: Alcohol Usemore common than drug use
  24. 24"At risk" youthhas replaced troubled and troubling, subject these kid to control efforts, basically all youth are "at risk" by definition cause we all drink, etc.
  25. 25Beliefany proposition thought to be true, if you are a sinner you go to hell
  26. 26Belief systeman interrelated set of belief, religions bring all these beliefs together into one
  27. 27Belief systems as deviantacts of deviance can occur within a group of people who believe in specific things, and they are socially typed at deviant
  28. 28Belief systems as social types of devianceif you're part of a belief system, you're gonna think that other groups are deviant/what they believe is deviant
  29. 29Traditional typologyecclesia (anglican), churches (islamic, catholic), sects (amish, mormons), cults (heaven's gate, children of god), deviant label is typically attached to sects and cults
  30. 30Deviant Religions: State of tensionmagnitude of differences, level of antagonism, segregation = level of tension, depends how diff. your belief system is from that of the rest of society, also how they separate themselves from society
  31. 31SectsJehovah's Witness, they are established sect so they have larger tension with society
  32. 32Cultsgreater level of tension, images of cults: mind control, violence and sexual abuse, exploiting people, heaven's gate, family of love
  33. 33Social Control of Deviant Religionshuman rights: freedom of religion, "reasonable" violations of that freedom, threat to public health, threat to public order, threat to the rights of others
  34. 34Anti-cult movementcombined of many people who are against cults and who are aware of how destructive cults can be
  35. 35Counter-cult movementthey believe only their belief system is right so they look at every other group as a cult
  36. 36mediaAnti-cult people to be able to submit their message, and they only show the crazy shit that happens within the cults not the normal ones
  37. 37Governmentsthey can only control deviant religions if it falls within those reasonable violations
  38. 38Social Typer of DevianceIndividual level: provide some sort of moral code about what is acceptable and what is unacceptable (belief in bible for ex.), Societal Level: blurred boundaries between religious belief systems and political belief (conservative & church beliefs go along with one another, conflicting)
  39. 39Religion as a Social TyperWitch persecutions, residential schooling, victorian child-savers movement
  40. 40Scientific MisconductFabrication (make up a study), Falsification (make up the answer to a study), Ethical Violations (giving drugs to a former drug addict is bad)
  41. 41Explanations of Scientific Misconductone bad apple will spoil the barrel misconduct is rare because scientists search for "truth", iceberg theory: one-third of medical researchers admit to acts of misconduct, what we know is just the tip of the iceberg
  42. 42Corporatization of Sciencedrug research is conducted by for-profit organization, pharmaceutical companies pay them to advertise or make these drugs for them, wealth is so high that they don't care about misconduct
  43. 43Merton's normative structure of sciencecommunism (scientific knowledge should be shared by everyone), skepticism (all ideas should be subjected to rigorous scrutiny), disinterestedness (should be done because of truth not because of corporate interest), universalism (knowledge should be free from bias)
  44. 44Controlling Scientific Misconduct: Changing Institutional LogicsScience as self-governing- normative structure of scientific -> coercive measures to punish misconduct -> promote research integrity
  45. 45Deviant Sciencean entire scientific belief that is questioned (astrology), some become accepted over time, doesn't cause harm but because it isn't a "true" science
  46. 46Science as Social TyperEuropean colonization, Eugenics
  47. 47Medicalizationmedical science steers the social typing process today in many areas, smoking, binge drinking, mental disorders, obesity/anorexia, the issue is not that we have pills its the fact that they push them so often
  48. 48Back to dualismthe idea that it is possible to make assessments or judgements about peoples 'minds' without referee to their physical bodies, mind - mental disorder, body - physical illness, behaviour - deviance
  49. 49Rates of Mental Disorderequal overall rates for women/men, depression/anxiety more common for women, APD, substance abuse more common for men
  50. 50Social Causation Hypothesislow SES, greater stressors, fewer resources, contributes to the development of social disorders
  51. 51Social selection hypothesissays that people have the disorder first and then they slide into the lower SES because of it
  52. 52Costs of mental illnessindividuals and families: stressors of education, employment, can lead to physical, overall lower income, education, societal: health care bills, reducing the incidence of mental disorders by 10% would save the economy by $5 billion a year
  53. 53Lack of Treatmentppl remain untreated because they don't want to be medicated, can't afford medication, stigma, think it's a phase, a lot of nations don't allocate a lot of money to mental health
  54. 54Social Control of Mental Illnesscan have negative and positive outcomes, stigmatization, medicalization,
  55. 55Medicalizationtreatment of mental illness has changed, religious rituals, family care, "madhouses", "asylums" (treated unlike madhouses), psychiatric care
  56. 56Deinstitutionalizationto be effective you need: supportive family network, an accepting community, adequate community resources, a place to live
  57. 57Re-institutionalizationa way of risk containment, reducing the risk for the general population population from the "Crazy people"
  58. 58Disease paradigmaddress symptoms of mental illness, trying to medicate people, based on reacting to symptoms of mental illness
  59. 59Discrimination paradigmtrying to resist stigmatization of mental illness, emphasize the experience of stigmatization
  60. 60Concerns about the DSMdebates over categories of 'mental disorders' (gay, ADHD), DSM 1 106 mental disorders, DSM 5 300+
  61. 61Debates over mental disordersprofessional rivalries within medicine, issues around service provision, problems in defining mental health, changing ideas/knowledge about what is mental disorder
  62. 62Goffman and Mental Illnessabomination of the body (physically acting out) and blemish of character
  63. 63Social construction and mental illnesswhen a disorder is more severe -> associated with behaviours that are OUTSIDE of conventional NORMS -> increases the stigmatization of mental disorder
  64. 643 misconceptions of MI (according to Corrigan and Watson)people with MI are homicidal maniacs who need to be feared, people with MI have childlike perceptions of the world and need to be cared for, people with MI are responsible for their illness due to weakness of character
  65. 654 responses to discrimination of mental illnesswith-holding help, coercive treatment, avoidance, segregation
  66. 66Stopping negative stereotypes of MIprotest, education (become more aware), contact (with a person with MI)
  67. 67Police Legalitiesall police in Canada are governed by: Canadian Criminal Code, Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, municipal, provincial, and federal
  68. 68The Charter7 is rights 8 is secure from unnessessry search 9 is arbitrarily detained and 10 is meranda rights, 24 is reason for search
  69. 69The Charter: 15every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law WITHOUT discrimination, especially based on race, nationality, colour, religion, sex, age or disability
  70. 70Warrants and Disclosureall relevant info must be disclosed, required to search a residence/office, there to protect the citizens, don't need warrant if suspected if terrorism
  71. 71Police Subculturecourts hold police to a higher standard can still be held civilly and criminally for their conduct, occupational subculture may contribute to, facilitate, and justify police misconduct
  72. 722 categories of misconductrotten apples, rotten barrels, rotten orchard
  73. 73Categories of police misconductViolations of departmental regulations & standards of professional conduct: discreditable conduct (acting in a discredited manner), neglect of duty, insubordination, harassment of fellow officers, deceit (purposely make a false statement)
  74. 74categories of police misconduct cont'dAbuse of discretionary powers and authority, actions that undermine the administration of justice (fabricating evidence, perjury, "testilying"), commission of a criminal offence, noble cause corruption: do it for the greater good they say
  75. 75Off-duty misconductgrey area in police ethics and professionalism, nature of police work requires officers to exercise enforcement 24/7, challenge is to maintain balance of the interests of the police agency and the privacy of officers
  76. 76The use of forcedefining feature of police role, rare, governed by both law and policy, lethal force can only be used to protect against loss of life or serious bodily harm
  77. 77National use of force modelexplains when/why/how to use force, assess -> plan -> act, just an officer being present is one type of "force"
  78. 78Demonstrated Threatlevel of potential danger posed by an individual: cooperative, non-cooperative (talking back, backing away), resistant (pushing you away), combative (physical assault), showing the potential to cause grievous bodily harm or death (a weapon)
  79. 79Levels of Force InterventionOfficer presence, dialogue/communication, empty hands (only physical force with body), compliance tools (equipment or weapons to take control), lethal force
  80. 80Occurrence of Police Force0.7% of the time including empty hands, under the influence person was violent first, over 90% when they were under influence
  81. 81Attributes of police use of forceoften younger officers more common, university educations less likely, bad apples more likely, the area being policed has influence, if it is a POI/suspect, actions/intentions of subject
  82. 82Use of Lethal Forcefatal shootings: a serious offence is being committed have to stop them, the shooting was a mistake, victim-precipitated homicide (had to shoot the subject so they didn't shoot the cop)
  83. 83Police governancerefers to the structures that guide the policies, strategic vision and goals of a police service (how you ought to behave)
  84. 84Police oversightrefers to the processes that are in place to receive and respond to citizen complaints about police
  85. 85Governance of the policeFederal (ministry of justice), provincial (provincial ministry) and municipal (police service board or police commission), operational autonomy, principles of due process and of a democratic society
  86. 86Increasing Police oversightcritical incidents have resulted in significant reforms to police oversight (Raymond Silverfox Yukon, Vancouver airport taser, Crystal Taman in Manitoba), citizen led board has power to hire and fire police officers
  87. 87white collar criminals and those in powerconsider the role of power in the labelling theory, if you never get caught are you really labelled, lawful but awful
  88. 88Examples of white collar crimefraud, bribery, offences against occupational health and safety, prescribing pills people don't need, unnecessary surgery (violent)
  89. 89Edwin Sutherlandloose definition depicted white collar criminal as "a person with high SES who violates the laws designed to regulate his or her occupation"
  90. 90Occupational Criminal Behaviour"the violation of the criminal law in the course of an activity or legit occupation (you can do the crime only because of the position you work in), based on self interest
  91. 91Corporate Criminal Behaviourcrimes committed by corporate officials for their corporation as well as offences charged against the corporate entity itself (advancing corporate goals, Lulu example)
  92. 92Organizational Crimethe illegal act of omission or commission of a person or group in a formal organization in accordance with the operation of the company (corporations are making products for consumers, would be better if we used more expensive material but we want more money)
  93. 93State-corporate crimecrimes committed by gov. agencies & employees, refers to instances where the government or it's agents engage in crime on behalf of the government
  94. 94What about government or state crime?the gov. is someone who we assume has best interest of ppl in mind, so when state or gov. takes part in illegal acts it is more problematic than any other deviance we have discussed
  95. 95Gov. Crime: Abuse of Powercan entail many forms of harm, the state doing things they don't actually have power over, occurs most often (coming in and tapping all of our phones)
  96. 96Gov. Crime: Corruptionpolitical corruption most typically involves the misuse of political office for material advantage, although it also encompasses acts undertaken for political advantage, bribery
  97. 97Gov. Crime: political scandalmost likely to occur when division of power exists
  98. 98WCC Social Control Systempolice officers, lawyers, politicians etc., irony in public service jobs is that WCC and misconduct still occurs, criminal justice system, political system, and religious system (crime and deviance in all of these)
  99. 99exposing state corporate crimecensure, scapegoating, retaliation, defiance/resistance, plausible deniability, relying on self-righteousness, redirection/misdirection, fear mongering
  100. 100Forms of State CrimeCriminal state (takes part in genocide, terrorism), Repressive state (deprive ppl of human rights), Corrupt state (corrupt to benefit leaders and elites), Negligent State (don't provide basic social welfare needs)
  101. 101Consensus approachlaws represent the agreement of most of the time people in society that certain acts should be prohibited by criminal law
  102. 102Conflict approachlaws are passed by members of the ruling class in order to maintain their privileges position by keeping the common people under control
  103. 103Carnival Mirrorsome of the greatest dangers that we face come from acts that are not labelled crimes, share characteristics of criminal conduct
  104. 104Social Movement against white collar cimreemerging movements on behalf of minorities, consumers, and the environment highlighted social inequities and injustice and fed into increasing attention to white collar crime

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Flashcards on Deviance Study Notes, created by Michelle McKegney on 11/04/2017.
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