8530225
Description
Flashcards by Craig Wilkinson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Craig Wilkinson
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the 3 primary features that characterise Autism? | 1) Impairments in social behaviour and relatedness to others 2) Impairment in verbal and nonverbal communication 3) Narrowing of interests coupled with resistance to change. |
| Define Asperger's syndrome. | Part of the Autistic spectrum; the features of Autism but in the absence of language decay. |
| How many people does Autism affect? | 1/100 in the UK, 62/10,000 worldwide. 4 boys : 1 girls. |
| What are the key elements of the theory of mind hypothesis? | Autistic children fail to attribute mental states to self and others, which explains their lack of pretend play. Tested using false belief tasks. |
| What did the Sally-Ann task find? | 85% clinically normal 4/5 ys passed, 86% Down's syndrome 10/11ys passed, 80% Autism group 11ys failed. |
| TOM universal? | NO. 20% passed the Sally-Ann task, and it was found that Autistic children with a higher mental age were more likely to pass. |
| TOM unique? | NO. Children with visual/hearing impairments also had difficulty. |
| What are the key elements of the inflexibility of thought hypothesis? | A deficit in executive functions such as working memory, mental flexibility and self-control, which accounts for non-social aspects. |
| Describe the Wisconsin Sorting Task and its findings. | Cards are sorted to 1 rule, which is deduced from feedback; the rule then changes during the task. The Autistic group performed more poorly compared to the control group. |
| IOF universal? | NO - mixed evidence. Found between 96-50% of Autistic group performed less well than the control group. |
| IOF unique? | NO. Participants with ADHD, schizophrenia, OCD and Tourette's performed similarly. |
| What are the key elements of weak central coherence? | A superior local processing with a bias for featural and local information, and relative failure to extract gist. |
| Define capture by meaning. | A tendency to overlook fine detail brought about by attention to the global meaning of a stimulus or event. |
| Describe the embedded figures test and what it found. | Participants instructed to find an abstract shape within a more complex shape. The Autism group performed better than typically developing. |
| WCC universal? | NO - e.g. 45% of Autism sample did not show processing bias |
| WCC unique? | NO - also shown in groups with Williams syndrome, Schizophrenia and depression. |
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