Flashcards
AS Physics Radioactivity
Cards in this deck (37)
- 1Alpha particle scattering experimentDirected parallel a - particles beams at a gold leaf foil
- 2Alpha scattering diagram
- 3Deductions from the alpha scattering experimentAn a - particle is deviated due tot eh repulsive force between the a - particle and the positive charge in the atom
Most a - particles have little or no devition - so most of an atom is empty space
A very few a - particles are deviated more than 90 - so most of the mass of atom is concentrated in a small space (the nucleus) and most of the atom is empty space - 4NA nucleus that contains protons and neutrons and electrons move around the nucleus in a cloud, some closer and some further
- 5NucleonThe protons and neutrons in a nucleus
- 6Nucleon numberThe number of nucleons an atom contains
Known as A - 7Proton numberThe number of protons an atom contains
Known as Z
Can be calculated by A = N + Z
where N is the neutron number - 8IsotopeIsotopes are nuclei of the same element with different number of neutrons but the same number of protons
- 9Notation for nucleids
- 10Strong nuclear forceA fundamental force which acts between hardrons and is what holds the nucleus together
- 11Diluting protonsThe strong nuclear force between the neutrons and protons helps to balance against the electrostatic propulsion. However, at a large size this is no longer possible and they undergo radiation
- 12HadronsParticles that are affected by the strong nuclear force
- 13LeptonsParticles that are unaffected by strong nuclear forces
- 14QuarksThe fundamental particles of which hardrons are made
- 15Quark composition of a protonUp Up Down
- 16Quark composition of a neutronUp Down Down
- 17AntiquarksAntiparticles that account for the existance of antimatter. When a particles meets an antiparticle, they annihilate each other leaving only photons or energy
- 18The three flavours of quarks in hadronUp Down Strange
- 19The three types of radiationAlpha
Beta
Gamma - 20A - particleTwo protons and two neutrons i.e. the nucleus of helium. The mass of an a - particle is 10000 times the mass of an electron and travels at 1/100 the speed
- 21B- particleAn electron
- 22B+ particleA positron
- 23Y - rayPhoton of electromagnetic radiation. It is often included in a or B decay due to release of excess energy from the nuclei
- 24NeutrinosA lepton released durng beta decay.
- 25B- decayn = neutron
p= proton
e = electron
v = electron antineutrino
- 26AntineutrinosThe particle that carries off some of the energy and momentum released by beta decay. This causes beta particles to be emitted with different speeds.
- 27B+ decay
- 28What is conserved in radioactive decayProton number
Nucleon number
Mass energy - 29IonisationThe process of electron being dragged away from the atoms when an a - particle or B - particle passes by. The result are ionised atoms
- 30Most strongly ionisingAlpha particles because it has the greatest mass and charge
- 31Least strongly ionisingGamma radiation because they are not charged
- 32Radiation in electric fields
- 33Penetration of a - particleA - radiation is absorbed by a thin sheet of paper or a few centimeters of air
- 34Penetration of B - radiationB- radition is absorbed by a few millimeters of metal
- 35Penetration of y-radiationGamma rays are never completely absorbed but a few centimeters of lead, or several meters of concrete greatly reduce intensity
- 36ElectronvoltThe energy transferred when an electron travels through a potential difference of one volt
- 37Weak nuclear forceA fundamental force, involved in radioactive B-decay
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- AS level Physics Flashcards on AS Physics Radioactivity, created by Sean Byrne on 21/04/2017.
- Created by
- Sean Byrne · Apr 2017
- Updated
- Apr 21, 2017
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