Flashcards
Sociology - Paper 2, Methods in Context
Cards in this deck (54)
- 1Primary Datadata that you collect yourself
e.g. participant observation - 2Secondary Datadata that already exists
e.g. government statistics - 3Quantitative Datanumerical data e.g. percentages, stats
used by positivists - 4Qualitative DataData that shows feelings, emotions, opinions e.g. interviews
Supported by Interpretivists - 5Positivistsidentify underlying causes of peoples behaviours
quantitative data
cause & effect relationships - 6Interpretivistspeoples meanings they give to symbols & situations
Qualitative data - 7Aimmain purpose of research.
what you aim to find out - 8Hypothesisstatement of what you expect to find out
tested for evidence
base research around this - 9Operationalizing Conceptsturning a concept into a measurable idea
- 10Pilot Studytest run
small study before conducting main research - 11Samplingtaking a small group, finding out info about them which can be generalised for a larger group
- 12Representativehow well the sample represents the larger group/population
- 13Biasadding your own opinion - one sided
- 14Random Samplingsampling is selected purely by chance/randomly
- 15Systematic Samplingevery nth person is selected in sampling frame
- 16Stratified Random Samplingresearcher stratifies population into groups e.g. age, gender, class. then picks from each group to get a range of people
- 17Quota Samplingeach interviewer giving a quota which they have to fill with respondents who fit the characteristics
e.g. 20 males & 20 females - 18Snowball Samplingsample selected by asking volunteers to choose other volunteers
- 19Laboratory Experimentsexperiments that take place under controlled conditions, can control variables, identify cause & effect relationships
e.g. Milgrams experiment - 20Independent Variablesthing you can change, the cause
- 21Dependent Variablething you keep the same, the effect
- 22Micro-Approachsmall scale
interactions in society - 23Conflict Theorysociety based on conflict & disagreements
e.g. gender - feminism, class - marxism - 24Consensus Theorysociety based on agreement
e.g. functionalism - 25Organic Analogysociety has separate parts but cant function properly unless they all work together - like the body
Functionalism - 26Value Consensussocieties agreement on hat values are important in society
- Functionalism - 27Social Solidaritypeople provide solidarity or others in society
Functionalism - 28Patriarchymale domination
- 29Capitalismmeans of production owned privately by bourgeoisie, exploit proletariat
- 30Socialisationprimary = parents
secondary = media, school
interactions in society which influence our behaviours. Learned culture, norms & values.
Behaviour learnt & passed on - 31Valuesacceptable behaviours/norms within society.
general principle & standards of behaviour prevalent with in a society - 32Beliefscommonly shared considered opinion
e.g. political/religious - 33Culture'way of life' e.g. traditions, language
group/society you are born into - 34Normswhat's acceptable/unacceptable within society i.e. queuing
considered deviant if you don't follow the norms - 35Stratificationsociety split into a hierarchy of unequal groups by gender, ethnicity, wealth
- 36Structural Theoryindividuals shaped by society
Functionalism, Feminism, Marxism - 37Social Action Theoryindividuals have free will & are able to change society through their own actions/interactions
- 38Nuclear Family2 generations:
parents & children living in same household - 39Vertically extended familychildren, parents, grandparents living in same house
- 40Horizontally Extended Familychildren, parents, aunts, uncles living in same household
- 41Classic Extended Familyextended family sharing same household/living close by
- 42Modified Extended Familyextended family living far apart but keeping in touch by phone, letters, emails
- 43Beanpole Familylong & thin family tree
few aunts & uncles - reflecting fewer children born each generation, living longer - 44Patriarchal Familyauthority by males
- 45Matriarchal Familyauthority held by females
- 46Symmetrical Familyauthority in households shared by males & females
- 47Reconstituted Familyone or both parents previously married w/ children of previous marriages
- 48Lone Parent Familylone parent w/ dependent family
- 49Gay/Lesbian familysame sex couple living together w/ children
- 50Single Person Householdindividual living alone
- 51Societypopulation & shared culture
- 52Identitywho we are
socially constructed - 53Statussocial position in relation to family, job, religion
ascribed = given at birth
achieved = sought after i.e. marriage, occupation - 54Roleour function within society
set of norms associated w/ our statuses
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- Flashcards on Sociology - Paper 2, Methods in Context, created by Emilie Mcaulay on 29/04/2017.
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- Emilie Mcaulay
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