Flashcards
Learning and conditioning: habituation, classical and operant
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1HabituationA decline in the response to a stimulus once the stimulus has become familiar
- 2DishabituationAn increase in responsiveness when something novel is presented, following a series of presentations of something similar
- 3Example of HabituationA city dweller becomes used to traffic noises over time
- 4Unconditioned responseA response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior training
- 5Unconditioned stimulusA stimulus that reliably triggers a particular response without prior training
- 6Conditioned responseA response elicited by an initially neutral stimulus (the conditioned stimulus) after it has been paired repeatedly with an unconditioned stimulus
- 7Conditioned stimulusAn initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a new response due to pairings with the unconditioned stimulus
- 8Classical conditioningA form of learning in which one stimulus is paired with another so that the organism learns a relationship between the stimuli
- 9Second-order conditioningA form of learning in which a neutral stimulus is first made meaningful through classical conditioning. Then, that stimulus is paired with a new, neutral stimulus until the new stimulus also elicits the conditioned response
- 10ExtinctionThe weakening of a learned response that is produced if a conditioned stimulus is now repeatedly presented with the unconditioned stimulus
- 11Spontaneous recoveryThe reappearance of an extinguished response after a period of which no further conditioning trials have been presented
- 12Stimulus generalisationThe tendency for stimuli similar to those used during learning to elicit a reaction similar to the learned response
- 13DiscriminationAn aspect of learning in which the organism learns to respond differently to stimuli that have been associated with an unconditioned stimulus, and stimuli that have not
- 14InhibitorA stimulus signalling that an event is not coming, which elicits a response opposite to the one that the event usually elicits
- 15BlockingA result showing that an animal learns nothing about a stimulus if the stimulus provides no new information
- 16Compensatory ResponseA response that offsets the effects of the upcoming unconditioned stimulus
- 17Instrumental conditioningA form of learning in which the participant receives a reinforcer only after performing the desired response, and thereby learns a relationship between the response and the reinforcer
- 18Law of EffectA response followed by a reward will be strengthened, whereas a resposnse followed by no reward (or by punishment) will be weakened.
- 19OperantAn instrumental response that is defined by its effect (the way it operates) on the environment
- 20ReinforcerA stimulus delivered after the response that makes the response more likely in future
- 21ShapingThe process of eliciting a desired response by rewarding behaviours that are increasingly similar to that response
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- 100 level PSYC112 Flashcards on Untitled, created by Becky Payne on 11/05/2017.
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- Becky Payne
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