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Flashcards by Natalia Cliff, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Natalia Cliff
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Origins of the Nazi party: Hitler | -After the war, Hitler was given an army assignment checking up on and reporting back about extremist views -One of these groups was the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (DAP) founded in January 1919 by Anton Drexler -They blamed communists and socialists for bringing down the Kaiser -The Weimar politicians for signing the TofV -The Jews for undermining the German economy -Hitler agreed with these views and joined, becoming the 7th committee member |
| Origins of the Nazi Party: 25-points | -1920 Hitler was Drexler's right hand man -Revealed the new 25-Point Programme of the DAP This included: -Scrapping the TofV -Expanding Germany's borders to give Germans more Lebensraum -Depriving Jews of German Citizenship Made it clear that the DAP was willing to se force to acchieve these ideals |
| Origins of the Nazi Party: Growth | -Hitler was an inspiring speaker which attracted new members -Many Germans thought the WR was too weak -Attracted to Hitler's views, vision and passionate speeches -Especially attracting to Army, Police and Small Businesses -Membership grew rapidly to 1100 in June 1920 -By the end of 1920 increased to 3000 -Boosted funds, enabling them to buy their Newspaper the Voelkischer Beobachter enabling them to spread their views |
| Origins of the Nazi Party: Changes | -7th August 1920, at Hitler's suggestion, name changed to NSDAP (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) -Mid-1921 Hitler usurped Drexler as party Fuehrer -Gathered loyal party leaders including: -Ernst Roehm, soldier -Hermann Goering, wealthy hero of the German Air Force -Rudolf Hess, wealthy academic -Also cultivated powerful friends like General Ludendorff, leader of the German Army in WW1 |
| Sturmabteilung | -1921 Hitler created the SA -Many came from the Freikorps -Provided security at meetings and bodyguards for Nazi leaders -Broke up meetings of opposition groups -Many of them were thugs though so in 1923 Hitler took trusted members of the SA to create his own bodyguard |
| Impact of the Munich Putsch | -Hitler used the trial to gain publicity -As a result of the publicity they won their first seats in reichstag, 32 seats in 1924 -The ban on the NSDAP was weakly enforced and soon lifted -Hitler released after only 9 months -Wrote Mein Kampf which directed the Nazi Party -Realised he needed a new approach to gain power, decided to gain power through the democracy rather than by force |
| Hitler's Views: Summary | -Nationalism -Socialism -Totalitarianism -Traditional German Values -Struggle -Racial Purity |
| Hitler's Views: Nationalism | -Breaking the restriction of the TofV -Reviving the power of Germany -Making Germany self sufficient (autarky) -Expanding Germany's borders -Purifying the German Race |
| Hitler's Views: Socialism | -Wanted to control big businesses, but didn't want the nationalism of businesses that communists did, for him socialism meant running the economy so that: -Agriculture and industry would flourish -Businesses wouldn't make unfair profits -Jews couldn't control businesses -Workers would be treated fairly |
| Hitler's Views: Totalitarianism | -Belief that the Nazi Party should be control over every aspect of life -Despised democracy as weak -Believed in the Fuehrerprinzip, total loyalty to one leader |
| Hitler's Views: Traditional German Values | -Thought moral and cultural values had been weakened by the WR -Strong family values with clear Male and Female roles -Christian morality -Old style German culture with traditional art, music and theater |
| Hitler's Views: Struggle | -Believed that life was a constant struggle -Outside of Germany's borders against other countries for land for Lebensraum -Inside her borders against non-German people to strengthen the race |
| Hitler's Views: Racial Purity | -Aryans were the superior race and produced all that was good in culture -Other races like Slavs and those from Asia and Africa were inferior races -Lowest life forms were Jews who he described as parasites feeding off the countries they lived in |
| Re-launch | -hitler relaunched the Nazi Party on 27th February 1925 -4000 people came to hear him speak -A further 1000 had to be turned away |
| Re-launch: Administration and Finance | -Appointed two efficient organisers to run the Nazi Party -Divided the party into regions called Gaues -Appointed a Gaueleiter for each Gaue -Top fund this improved party finance -befriended Germany's most wealthy businessmen who shared his hatred of communism and hoped he'd limit the power of trade unions -By 1930s were recieiing donations from giants of the german Industry like Bosch, Thyssen and krupp |
| Re-launch: SA and SS | -SA numbered 400 000 by 1930 -Many SA members were violent thugs and had developed a dangerous loyalty to Roehm during Hitler's stay in prison -1925 set up a personal security group called the Schutzstaffel (SS) -Run by Himmler, one of Hitler's most loyal supporters -SS were famous and and feared with their menacing black uniform -Increased Hitler's personal control over the Nazi Party |
| Re-launch: Propaganda | -Goebbels was in charge of Nazi Propaganda -They blamed a few key scapegoats for Germany's problems, the jews, the communists and the WR's moderate leaders -Promoted Hitler as the voice of the Nazi Party, 1930s his speeches were reported in 120 daily or weekly Nazi Newspapers and read by hundreds of thousands of Germans -Created a clear image of strength for the party, through Hitler's passion, mass Nazi rallies and the strength of the SA |
| The Lean Years | In 1928 Nazi party had 100 000 members and Hitler was a national figure, however: -SInce 1923 inflation had eased and the public were better off -Stresemann was regaining status for Germany on the world stage -1925 Hindenburg became president and his reputation helped the WR -So Voters supported moderate parties and all extreme parties lost ground -May 1928 general elections Nazi's only had 12 seats, 9th biggest party in Reichstag with only 2.6% of the vote |
| Great Depression: Causes | -October 1929 share prices fell on the Wall Street stock exchange -People panicked and went to sell their shares, which only made things worse -Within a week investors had lost $4000 million |
| Great Depression: Economic Effects | -Banks were major investors and suffered huge losses -People were scared they wouldn't get their money back and so rushed to the bank to get their money out -German and American banks needed the loans back that they'd lent to businesses -Industrial output fell by 40% from 1931-32 -Unemployment rose to 1.3 million is September 1929 and 6.0 million by January 1933 -Unemployment meant domestic demand for goods sank as well, so unemployment rose even higher |
| Great Depression: Social and Political Effects | -Middle class lost savings, companies or homes -Workers became unemployed -Chancellor Bruening proposed raising taxes and reducing unemployment benefits which made noone happy -Coalition of parties Bruening relied on collapsed in 1930, he had to rule by decree -44 decrees in 1931 and 66 in 1932 -Useless decrees only undermined confidence in the WR further -Bruening lost control and resigned in 1932, leaving a dangerous power vacuum |
| Nazi Support: Growth | -Voters turned to extreme parties to solve their problems -1928 had 12 seats with 1 million votes -1930 had 77 seats with 6 million votes -1932 had 230 seats with 13 million votes -Gained a lot more votes that the communist party (which also increased, but not as much) |
| Nazi Support: Hitler's Appeal | -Hitler was one of the reasons people turned to the Nazi Party -He appeared everywhere as he used aeroplanes for a whirlwind campaign -Germans saw him as: -A Strong Leader -Someone who could unite the country -Restore order from social unrest -Force other nations to scrap the TofV -Persuade other countries to treat Germany fairly |
| Nazi Support: Strength of SA | -Nazi's had a stronger private army than the Communists -SA Rallies made the Nazis look strong, organised, disciplined and reliable in a time of chaos -SA storm troopers were used to whip up feelings of hope for the future -SA were used to disrupt other parties meetings -Voters were intimidated outside of polling stations |
| Nazi Support: Working-Class Support | -Attracted by traditional values and a strong Germany -Promised them 'Work and Bread' on posters -Working-class was the largest group of voters, but when times got hard they typically supported the communists |
| Nazi Support: Middle-Class Support | -Deserted moderate parties that weren't doing much and turned to extreme groups -The Great Depression hurt the middle class the most, they thought Hitler was strong enough to help Germany recover -Afraid of the communist party and saw Hitler as a strong party that could protect them -There was a view that there had been a morale decline during the golden years so traditional values were appealing |
| Nazi Support: Farmers | -Policy of confiscating all land in the 25 points was changed in 1928 to only jewish land -Hitler promised to protect them from communists who would confiscate their land |
| Nazi Support: Big Businesses | -Industrialists saw Hitler as the best protection against communists -Nazi Finances benefitted from this -Nazi propaganda benefited as well as Alfred Hugenberg, a newspaper tycoon, allowed Goebbels to use his newspaper for anti communist propaganda |
| Nazi Support: Young People and Women | -Young were attracted by Hitler's passionate speeches and goals for the future -Women didn't support them at first as Nazi policies restricted them -However, Nazi propaganda claimed that voting for them was best for their country and family |
| Nazi Support: Something for Everyone | -Nazi Party offered something for everyone, which some critics say was new in German politics -This enabled the NSDAP to rise from an 'insignificant threat' in 1928 to the largest party in Reichstag by 1932 |
| Presidential Elections of 1932 | -Hindenburg had 18 million votes -Communist Leader 5 million votes -Hitler had 11 million votes -No candidate has 50% of the vote so elections were repeated in April -Hindenburg had 19 million votes (Enough to become president) -Communist leader had 4 million votes -Hitler rose to 13 million votes |
| Fall of Bruening | -April 1932 Bruening used a presidential decree to ban the SA and SS in an attempt to calm unrest and control the Nazis -RIght-wing parties got very angry -von Schleicher organised a coalition of right wing parties, convinced Hindenburg he had a majority and had Bruening sacked |
| von Papen as Chancellor | -von Schleicher controlled the government from behind the scenes -Chose von Papen to be chancellor ad a figure head -Offered the NSDAP a place in the coalition as he thought he could control them -von Papen's coalition was weak, once Hitler had 230 seats he demanded Hindenburg sack von Papen and make him Chancellor -Hindenburg, who detested Hitler, refused -von Papen called new elections in November 1932 hoping Nazi seats would fall -They did to 196 but they were still the largest group in Reichstag -Without the NSDAP von Papen had no majority -Without a majority in Reichstag or Hindenburg's approval von Papen resigned |
| von Schleicher as Chancellor | -39 business tycoons signed a letter asking Hindenburg to make hitler Chancellor -They thought with their donations they could control him, but Hindenburg refused -von Schleicher became chancellor, he was confident Nazi support was fading -However, he consistently failed to get a majority -He told Hindenburg that von Papen and Hitler were conspiring against him (they were) and that he needed to suspend the constitution and make von Schleicher the head of a military dictatorship -Hindenburg refused, but news of the plan leaked out and von Schleicher lost all support |
| Hitler as Chancellor | -von Papen plotted with Hindenburg and right wing parties -Told them if they supported Hitler as chancellor and him as vice chancellor he could control Hitler and they could make the decisions -Hindenburg reluctantly agreed -30th January 1933 Hitler legally and democratically became chancellor |
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