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Flashcards

Peel and PGs

lucy bon English 43 cards

Cards in this deck (43)

  1. 1What is a Trade UnionGroups that protect and promote workers and their interests
  2. 2What was the law on Trade Unions- Didn't recognise any right to come together and interfere w trade/business
    - Organisations prosecuted by business men who bought the craftsmen's work and traded products
  3. 3What was the law restricting tailorse.g. Tailors in London banned by 1721 Act obtained by masters who bought the clothes the tailors made
  4. 4Examples of the trades that had organised groupsPapermakers,print workers, plumber,s painters, shoemakers, bakers, metalworkers
  5. 5Between 1710 and 1800, how many conspiracy trials took place29
  6. 6Due to the opposition towards combination organisations, what did these groups resort tosecrecy, oaths of loyalty, meetings held at night, passwords, symbols; subsequently raised fears to authorities over these groups
  7. 7When was the laws against illegal oaths passed1799
  8. 8By 1850, how many union members were there250,000
  9. 9When were the combination acts repeal1824; hoped that making unions legal and not open to prosecution would been strikes and unrest would stop; 1825 act modified to exclude picketing as tactic to intimidate those who wanted to work
  10. 10Who was the main figure behind Grand General Union of Operative Cotton SpinnersJohn Doherty in Lancashire,
  11. 11What were the failures of this movement- Insufficient funding, time of economic downturn meant less demand for cotton, difficult to get enough co-operating between areas
  12. 12What did Doherty establish in 1829National Association for the Protection of Labour - co-operation between unions; mostly in Lanc and Chesh, 70,000members' attracted diverse membership including miners, pottery weavers and textile workers
  13. 13Why did this failDidn't include all unions, couldn't sustain an effective org beyond 33
    - Different trades had different issues e.g. builders objected to architects using general contractors who employed unskilled workers rather than revealing master craftsmen
    - Union activity associated w violence, e.g. Merthyr Rising
  14. 14Outline the Merthyr Rising1831; Coal and steel workers employed by powerful Crawshay family, took to streets of Merthyr; called for reform, protested against lowing of their wages, and general levels of unemployment; protest reached industrial towns nearby; end of may, whole areas in rebellion and armed forces had to be used; 20 people shot by troops; leaders tried and hanged
  15. 15What was the GNTCU• Grand National Consolidated Trade Union 1834; association of tailors, silk weavers, shoe makers,; supported by successful cotton manufacturer Robert Owen, - strong belief in socialist ideas and organising workers for reform
  16. 16What ideas did the GNCTU have- Mutual support during strikes as workers from different trade and industry supported each other; fund to provide sickness benefits; some inclusion of women workers; inclusion of some ag workers
  17. 17How many members did they achieve16,000 - less than NAPL therefore collapsed
  18. 18Glasgow Cotton strike1837; violence against strike led to trial of union leaders and whig gov contemplated restoring anti-union leg in 1838
  19. 19developments in tu's 1800-1850 = pos and negsee poster
  20. 20wsee poster
  21. 21How many attended the GNCTU protest in March 34/ kings cross protest10,000 // 100,000
  22. 22When were the Martyrs pardonedMarch 1836 under new home sec, LJ Russel
  23. 23What effect did transportation have on LovelessTerrible experience and virtual slavery increase radicalism
  24. 24Causes of Chartism1. Population
    2. Economic change
    3. Urban growth
    4. Increased pol activism
    5. increased disatisfaction
  25. 25When was there an economic depression36-43; increase in bread price and hardship
  26. 26Why were factory workers disatsfiedPoor conditions, danger, relied on economy and profitable conditions
  27. 27why did the number of skilled landloomers fallMore reliable machines affected domestic/textile industries
  28. 28Why were urban livers disatsifiedpoor living conditions, poor housing and sanitation, increased disease
  29. 29Why was their increase in political activismF Rev = increase in socialism, disappointment 30-31 as no parl ref, press spread ideas encouraging reform etc, 32 reform was a disappointment and actually resulted in some areas having LESS WC voters
  30. 30stats on increase in pop1801- 78% of people lived in towns
    1801 - 8.9m
    High pop growth
  31. 31how many turned up to meetings in glasgow to launch the people's charter159,000 in crowd; 1.2m signatures to present to parl
  32. 32What was the name of the chartist newspaper and how many readers did it haveNorthern Star - by 1839, had 40,000 readers
  33. 33In reaction to the arrests of leaders of a revolt in Newport, Wales, how mny protested1.5m people signed petition in 1839 to get gov to release them
  34. 34Characterisitcs on National Charter AssociateMore moderate
    - Rejected violence
    - 401 branes
    - 50,000 members withn 2 years
    However started to decline by 43
  35. 35how many signed petition in 1843 that was rejected33 million, led to wave of strikes acrss 23 countries and mass arrest
  36. 36what period was the most disturbed in brit history30-50
  37. 37define chartismWorking class movement that emerged 1836; aim to gain political rights for the working classes,
  38. 38what was 'the people's charter' of 1838In 1837, six Members of Parliament and six working men, including William Lovett (from the London Working Men's Association, set up in 1836) formed a committee, which in 1838 published the People's Charter. This set out the six main aims of the movement.
  39. 39how effective was the leadership of chartism1. Support was diverse - 2 main groups = craftsmen/domestic + hard pressed factory workers had different interests + different objectives, support from rural workers = limited
    2. Attempt to form united from with MC agitation for change wasn't likely to succeed -
  40. 40What was the Newport Risinglarge scale armed rebellion against authority in gb, one of the largest civil massacres committed by brit gov in 19th cent; 4th Nov 1839, almost 10,000 chartist sympathisers marched on town of Newport. Men - many coalminers, most with home-made arms, keen on liberating fellow chartists. troops opened fire and killed 22 demonstrators, leaders convicted of high treason and sentences to a traitor's death, then reduced to transportation - O'Connor = one of key figures, imprisoned
  41. 41what was the chartist land plan1845; proposed to buy large estate in Gloucestershire by using money from investors, divide into plots and draw lots for which investors gained land - idealistic attempt to find a way for life in urban industrial and capitalist britain. workers given opportunity to return to the land where they would farm small plots - 70,000 invested a total of 100,000£ - project FAILED by 1850
  42. 42Outline two main leaders of chartist movementqueue card
  43. 43How much did newspaper readership increase in 183833m to 53 m

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Flashcards on Peel and PGs, created by lucy bon on 12/06/2017.
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lucy bon
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