953894
Description
Flashcards by (umbr)ella, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by (umbr)ella
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| AO1 Formation- Reward/Need Satisfaction Byrne and Clore | Operant Conditioning: positively reinforce a behaviour through rewards (money, intimacy). Negative reinforcement from removing loneliness. Mutual attraction when satisfying each others unmet needs Classical Conditioning: form positive associations e.g. person is unconditioned stimulus and becomes conditoned by party = conditioned positive response |
| AO2 Formation- Reward/Need Satisfaction Aron et al. Griffitt and Guay | Aron et al: took MRI scan of 17 pps brains who claimed to be in love. Also asked to rate how in love they were. Found dopamine activity increased/correlated with rating when shown picture of lover = reward. Griffittand Guay: pps asked to do creative task which was by experimenter. Then asked to rate experimenter. Found those with positive evaluations rated experimenter higher. Also asked to rate onlookerand those who did well rated more highly. |
| AO2 Formation- Reward/Need Satisfaction Hays Lott | Hays: says we get satisfaction from giving as well as recieving - reciprocation Lott: says many women are more focused on the needs of others than recieving reinforcement themselves |
| AO1 Formation - Similarity Hypothesis Byrne, Clore and Smeaton | Individual sorts potential partners based on dissimilarity and discards them. Then seeks someone who is most similar to them in personality and attitude. If they differ, attitude alignment occurs so partners modify their attitudes to comprimse with their other half. |
| AO2 Formation - Similarity Hypothesis Caspi and Herbener Condo and Crano | Caspi and Herbener: found real-life coupleswith similar personalities tended to be happier Condo and Crano: believe that if you are similar to someone then they are less likely to reject you. Also sharing beliefs and attitudes validates them (rewarding) |
| AO2 Formation - Similarity Hypothesis Yoshida Speakman | Yoshida: recognises that the theory only focuses on similarities of attitudes and personality Speakman: found people often choose partners with similar levels of body fat |
| AO1 Maintenance - Social Exchange Theory Thibaut and Kelley | Profit and Loss: Maximise reward and minimise costs. Rewards - costs = outcomes of a relationship, as commitment is based on proffitability. (4 step model) Comparison Level: Standard by which all relationships are judged. Product of past and expectations. Profit must exceed to be worth it Comparison Level for Alternatives: profit of new relationship - costs of ending current |
| AO2 Maintenance - Social Exchange Theory Simpson et al. Rusbult and Martz | Simpson et al: looked at how people in relationships deal with potential alternatives. Asked pps to rate opposite sex in terms of attractiveness and found those in relationships gave lower ratings Rusbult and Martz: when investments are high (children, financial security) and alternatives are low (nowhere else to live, no money) then this is a profit situation. Explains why people stay in abusive relationships |
| AO1 Maintenance - Equity Theory Walster et al. | We strive to achieve fairness in relationships and any unfairness has potential to cause distress. People who contribute a great deal and recieve little in return can percieve inequity (can be other way around). Equity does not = equality! Input and output are subjective. Equitable relationship = benefits-costs = partner's benefits - costs |
| AO2 Maintenance - Equity Theory Moghaddam DeMaris | Moghaddam: suggests 'economic' theories realte only to western culture where relationships are short-term as individuls have high mobility.Makes sense to be concerned with give and takewhen little time to develop commitment. DeMaris: 1500 couples. Found most important inequity associated with marital disruption is women feeling under-benefitted. The greater this is, more change of divorce. |
| AO2 Maintenance - Equity Theory Clark and Mills | Clark and Mills: disagree with the idea relationships are based on economics. Distinguish between exchange relationships (colleagues) and communal relationships (friends or lovers). Exchange relationships may involve keeping trackof rewards and costs, communl relationships are governed by a desire to respond to partner's needs |
| AO1 Breakdown - Reasons Duck | Duck: Lack of Interpersonal Skills: mean relationship is not mutually satisfying as unrewarding in interactions. Lack of Stimulation: unrewarding and belief relationship will not evolve. Maintenance Difficulties: relationships become strained when partners cannot see each other |
| AO1 Breakdown - Model Duck and Rollie | Breakdown Intrapsychic Dyadic Social Grave-Dressing Resurrection |
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