Flashcards
Exam 1
Cards in this deck (55)
- 1What are the basic tissue types?1) Epithelial tissue
2) Muscular tissue
3) Neural tissue
4) Connective tissue - 2What is osteology?Study of bone
- 3What are the 3 primary types of bone cells?1) Osteoblasts
2) Osteoclasts
3) Osteoclasts - 4What is the function of osteoblasts?Form bone
- 5What is the function of osteocytes?Maintain or nurture bone
- 6What is the function of osteoclasts?Remodel bone
- 7What are the bone cell embedded in?Amorphous matrix consisting of ground substance, protein fibers and various minerals
- 8What is the primary constituent of the ground substance?Glycosaminoglycans
- 9What type of glycosaminoglycans predominate in bone?1) Chondroitin sulfates
2) Keratin sulfates
3) Hyaluronic acid - 10What is the principal type of protein fiber in bone?Collagen type I
- 11What are the primary constituents of the bone mineral? (4)1) Calcium
2) Phosphate
3) Citrate
4) Carbonate ions - 12What is the most frequently described deposit in bone?Hydroxyapatite
- 13Bone is also the repository for what additional ions? (6)1) Sodium
2) Magnesium
3) Fluoride
4) Lead
5) Strontium
6) Radium - 14What is Wolff's law as it pertains to bone?Living tissue will respond to stressors such as anxiety, tension or pressure; bone is formed or absorbed in response to these same stressors
- 15What are 3 responses of "living" bone were stressed in class?It has the ability to:
1) Heal
2) Remodel under stressors such as anxiety, tension or pressure
3) Age - 16Bone is the embryological derivative of which specific connective tissues?Mesenchyme and/or cartilage
- 17What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in mesenchyme?Intramembranous ossification
- 18What is the timing for the appearance of intramembranous ossification?From the second to third month in utero
- 19What part of the axial skeleton is primarily formed by intramembranous ossification?The skull
- 20What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in cartilage?Endochondral ossification
- 21What is the timing for the appearance of ossification in cartilage?From the second to the fifth month in utero
- 22Which skull bones are ossified by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification? (4)1) Mandible
2) Sphenoid
3) Temporal
4) Occipital bones - 23Which bone of the appendicular skeleton is formed by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?The clavicle
- 24What are the names given to the centers of ossification based on time of appearance?1) Primary centers of ossification appear before birth
2) Secondary centers of ossification appear after birth - 25Mature bone is described as being composed of what areas based on bone density?1) Cortical or compact bone
2) Spongy, cancellous or trabecular bone - 26What is the name given to the bone below an articulating surface?Subchondral bone
- 27What is the name of the outer fibro-cellular covering of bone?The periosteum
- 28What is the name given to the fibro-cellular lining of bone?The endosteum
- 29What are the primary sources of variation observed in bone? (4)1) Sexual dimorphism (gender variation)
2) Ontogenetic variation (growth or age variation)
3) Geographic or population based variation (ethnic variation)
4) Idiosyncratic variation (individual variation) - 30Differences in the number of morphology of vertebrae within the population based on male of Female variation is identified as which type of variation?Sexual dimorphism or gender variation
- 31Differences in the number or morphology of vertebrae within the population based on age or development variation is identified as which type of variation?Ontogenetic variation
- 32Differences in the number or morphology of vertebrae within the population based on ethnicity or locational variation is identified as which type of variation?Geographic variation or population based variation
- 33Differences in the number or morphology of vertebrae within the population based on the uniqueness between individuals is identified as which type of variation?Idiosyncratic variation
- 34What are the six more commonly used classification of normal bone?1) Long bones
2) Short bones
3) Flat bones
4) Irregular bones
5) Paranasal sinus or pneumatic bones
6) Sesamoid bones - 35Which classifications of bone are characteristic of the appendicular skeleton?1) Long bones
2) Short bones
3) Sesamoid bones - 36What is the characteristic feature of a long bone?It is longer than it is across (length greater than breadth)
- 37What are the names given to the parts of a long bone?The diaphysis (shaft) and typically two epiphyses (extremities)
- 38What is the primary characteristic of short bones?They are essentially cuboidal
- 39What are examples of short bones?Most of the bones of the carpus and tarsus
- 40What is the characteristic of a sesamoid bone?The bone develops within a tendon
- 41What are consistent examples of sesamoid bones?Patella and pisoform
- 42Which classifications of bone are characteristic of the axial skeleton?1) Flat bones
2) Irregular bones
3) Paranasal sinus or pneumatic bones - 43What are flat bones?A thin layer of spongy bone is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone
- 44What are some examples of flat bones?Parietal bone and sternum
- 45What is the name given to the spongy bone of the skull?Diploe
- 46What is characteristic of irregular bone?Numerous projections or irregular outlines
- 47What are examples of irregular bone?The vertebrae and innominate bones
- 48What is characteristic of pneumatic bone?Air spaces within the bone
- 49What are examples of pneumatic bone?1) Frontal
2) Ethmoid
3) Maxilla
4) Sphenoid
5) Temporal - 50What bones contain paranasal sinuses?1) Frontal
2) Ethmoid
3) Maxilla
4) Sphenoid - 51What are the classifications given to the abnormal bone stressed in spinal anatomy?Accessory or heterotopic bone
- 52What is the name given to bone formed from existing bone?Accessory bone
- 53What are examples of accessory bone?Para-articular processes and bony spurs of vertebrae
- 54What is the name given to bone formed in a non-bone location?Heterotopic bone
- 55What are examples of heterotopic bone?Calcific deposits in the pineal gland, heart, and ligaments
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- Spinal Anatomy Flashcards on Exam 1, created by B H on 14/07/2017.
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- B H
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