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Histology Circulatory System

Marissa Alvarez Histology Graduate English 33 cards

Muscular Versus Elastic Artery Muscular Artery: thinner tunica intima, prominent internal elastic lamina, up to 40 years…

Cards in this deck (33)

  1. 1Circulatory System Functions? Components?Functions:
    Delivery of oxygen, nutrients and other compounds, e.g. hormones
    Removal of carbon dioxide and waste products
    Thermoregulation
    Components:
    Cardiovascular
    Lymphatic (water as a waste product)
  2. 2Blood Vessels What are the three main types? What is a common term used regarding cell type of the cardiovascular system?Three main types:
    Arteries
    Capillaries
    Veins
    Common Term:
    Endothelium
  3. 3EndotheliumInternal surface of all vessels lined with single layer of squamous cells.
    **Simple squamous epithelium**
    Think blood, think "Squeamish!"
  4. 4Blood Vessel Structure (3 layers) Tunica Intima? Tunica Media? Tunica Adventitia? Vasa vasorum?Tunica Intima:
    Endothelium, basal lamina and internal elastic lamina
    Tunica Media:
    Concentric layers of smooth muscle, maybe elastic fibers and external elastic lamina
    Tunica Adventitia:
    Connective tissue, fibroblasts
    Vasa vasorum:
    Vessels of the vessel
    YOU MUST KNOW resident cells, cell types, and hallmarks of all layers
    *Every verse; has an endothelium!
  5. 5Blood Vessel layers ORDER (From innermost to outermost)Tunica Intima --> Internal Elastic Lamina (part of Tunica Intima)
    --> Tunica Media (smooth muscles, can have some elastin, collagen type I) --> Tunica Adventitia (mostly collagen type III made by fibroblasts & some elastin)
  6. 6—Muscular Versus Elastic Artery
    Muscular Artery: thinner tunica intima, prominent internal elastic lamina, up to 40 years layers of smooth muscle
    *Function = distribute blood
    Elastic Artery: thick tunica intima, elastic lamellae in tunica media
    *Function = control of the peripheral resistance & systemic pressure, control flow to capillaries    Muscular Versus Elastic Artery Muscular Artery: thinner tunica intima, prominent internal elastic lamina, up to 40 years layers of smooth...Muscular Versus Elastic Artery Muscular Artery: thinner tunica intima, prominent internal elastic lamina, up to 40 years layers of smooth...
  7. 7—Muscular Artery: thinner tunica intima, prominent internal elastic lamina, up to 40 years layers of smooth muscle
    *Function = distribute blood
    A = Tunica Adventitia
    (contains fibroblasts that make collagen Type III)
    M= Tunica Media
    (contains smooth muscle layers, NO striations, collagen type I)
    I = Tunica Intima
    (Border is the Internal elastic lamina = "loose rubber band")    Muscular Artery: thinner tunica intima, prominent internal elastic lamina, up to 40 years layers of smooth muscle *Function = distribute ...Muscular Artery: thinner tunica intima, prominent internal elastic lamina, up to 40 years layers of smooth muscle *Function = distribute ...
  8. 8—Larger Muscular Artery
    -can see some elastin being made in Tunica media
    (the lighter purple wavy lines)
    -there is still an endothelial layer, even though it is not seen in this image
    -External elastic lamina is the border or end of the Tunica media, where Tunica Adventitia begins
    Vasa vasorum:
    Vessels of the vessel    Larger Muscular Artery -can see some elastin being made in Tunica media (the lighter purple wavy lines) -there is still an endothelial la...Larger Muscular Artery -can see some elastin being made in Tunica media (the lighter purple wavy lines) -there is still an endothelial la...
  9. 9Arteries 3 Types?Elastic, Muscular, & Arterioles
  10. 10Arteries ELASTIC arteries Characteristics? Function?THICK tunica intima (I)
    elastic lamellae in tunica media (M)
    (True layers: alternating smooth muscle and elastin, smooth muscle and elastin, etc.)
    -elastin tends to be under-stained
    *Function: stabilize variation in pressure
    A = Tunica adventitia (fibroblasts-collagen type III)
    ALL vessels have an endothelial layer!    Arteries ELASTIC arteries Characteristics? Function?Arteries ELASTIC arteries Characteristics? Function?
  11. 11Arteries MUSCULAR arteries Characteristics? Function?THINNER tunica intima
    prominent internal elastic lamina
    up to 40 years layers of smooth muscle (NO striations)
    *Function = distribute blood    Arteries MUSCULAR arteries Characteristics? Function?Arteries MUSCULAR arteries Characteristics? Function?
  12. 12Type of artery? What kind of innervation is seen at the letter A?Muscular Artery
    Innervation at Tunica Adventitia:
    UNmyelinated sympathetic
    nerve fibers
    Norepinephrine: vasoconstriction
    Acetylcholine: vasodilation    Type of artery? What kind of innervation is seen at the letter A?Type of artery? What kind of innervation is seen at the letter A?
  13. 13What is shown in the image? What are characteristics of this vessel type?Small Artery
    M = Tunica media
    E = endothelial cells (single layer)
    Artery = >2 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media
    *to count layers look at the nuclei of smooth muscle cells, SEPARATE from the single layer of endothelial cells    What is shown in the image? What are characteristics of this vessel type?What is shown in the image? What are characteristics of this vessel type?
  14. 14What kind of artery is shown in the image?ARTERIOLE
    1-2 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media (at most 2 layers, no striations, centrally placed nucleus)
    Function: control of peripheral resistance and systemic pressure, control flow to capillaries    What kind of artery is shown in the image?
  15. 15Capillaries Characteristics?Endothelial TUBE with basal lamina
    8-10 mm
    Lumen of these common cells are larger than lumen of a capillary:
    RBC is 7.5 microns, plasma cell is 15 microns, mast cell is 20-30 microns
    **0.25 – 1 mm in length**
  16. 16—E = endothelial layer
    P = Pericyte (just outside the endothelial layer)
    -a regenerative cell, can differentiate into endothelial cells to fill a clot
    *Note the tube-like depiction of the capillary with RBC's inside    E = endothelial layer P = Pericyte (just outside the endothelial layer) -a regenerative cell, can differentiate into endothelial cells to...E = endothelial layer P = Pericyte (just outside the endothelial layer) -a regenerative cell, can differentiate into endothelial cells to...
  17. 17—CAPILLARY
    -BONUS: Can you identify a mast cell, plasma cell, smooth muscle cell, and the type of artery in the upper left corner?    CAPILLARY -BONUS: Can you identify a mast cell, plasma cell, smooth muscle cell, and the type of artery in the upper left corner?
  18. 18Types of Capillaries 3 Types1. Continuous
    2. Fenestrated
    3. Discontinuous, sinusoidal
  19. 19What type of capillary is shown? Characteristics?1. Continuous
    -Continuous endothelium, pinocytosis
    -Muscle, CT, exocrine glands & nerve
    -Found in respiratory system (gas exchange, small ions, water)    What type of capillary is shown? Characteristics?
  20. 20What type of capillary is shown? Characteristics?Fenestrated
    (2 Types)
    -Large fenestrations (60-80 nm) in wall for rapid exchange of material
    1. Kidney, intestine, endocrine glands (diaphragm)
    2. Renal glomerulus (no diaphragm)
    -Can be found in Pancreas
    (digestive enzymes, proteins, liquids, fluids)    What type of capillary is shown? Characteristics?
  21. 21What type of capillary is shown?Discontinuous, Sinusoids
    -Enlarged capillary (30-40 microns)
    -discontinuous endothelium and BM
    -Spleen, Bone Marrow, Liver (a lot of material can pass through, RBC's & WBC's)    What type of capillary is shown?What type of capillary is shown?
  22. 22What type of capillary is shown?Fenestrated!
    Continuous basement membrane, but pores within the endothelial cells)
    D = fenestration with density/diaphragm (acts as barrier over fenestration)    What type of capillary is shown?
  23. 23Veins 2 TypesVenules & Veins
  24. 24What are the boxes indicating?V = VENULES
    Bigger than capillaries, thin walls
    Leaky, Diapedesis
    A = Arteriole (shown for comparison)    What are the boxes indicating?What are the boxes indicating?
  25. 25What is being depicted in the image?Diapedesis
    (Leukocyte Migration)    What is being depicted in the image?
  26. 26What is shown in the picture and what is the arrow pointing at?VEIN
    THIN intima and media
    Well developed adventitia
    Valves
    Poor IEL
    maybe 1-2 layers of smooth muscle
    *A TON of tunica adventitia    What is shown in the picture and what is the arrow pointing at?What is shown in the picture and what is the arrow pointing at?
  27. 27—More adventitia and less smooth muscle for muscular VEINMore adventitia and less smooth muscle for muscular VEINMore adventitia and less smooth muscle for muscular VEIN
  28. 28—
  29. 29—Artery = thick tunica media and thin tunica adventitia
    *the reverse is true for vein    Artery = thick tunica media and thin tunica adventitia *the reverse is true for veinArtery = thick tunica media and thin tunica adventitia *the reverse is true for vein
  30. 30Lymphatics (mostly water) 2 Main componentsLymph
    Excess fluid in the tissues
    Lymphatic vessels
    -Endothelium lined, thin walled vessels
    *Anchoring filaments*
    -Larger vessels have poorly organized intima, media and adventitia
    -Valves
    -No RBC, but can be WBC
    -Turbid lumen
  31. 31What type of vessel shown? What are the arrows indicating?Lymphatic Vessel
    V = Valves
    *Note the turbid lumen, NO RBC's, NO tunica adventitia, thin wall around the whole thing    What type of vessel shown? What are the arrows indicating?What type of vessel shown? What are the arrows indicating?
  32. 32What type of vessel is shown? What are the red asterisks indicating?LARGE Lymphatic Vessel
    Red asterisk = anchoring filaments
    (look like tent stakes)
    Note: hardly no smooth muscle, turbid lumen    What type of vessel is shown? What are the red asterisks indicating?
  33. 33—

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Histology (Alb) Final Exam
Created by
Marissa Alvarez
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