Flashcards
EXAM QUESTIONS SM
Cards in this deck (24)
- 1WHAT IS CLOSED LOOP CONTROL?-using sensory info to inform and modify our movements
-reference of correctness
-computation of error
-decisions made how to reduce the error
-error sent to executive level- activates effector to deal with it - 2efference copy-used to compare actual state of ongoing actions with the feedforward MOTOR programme of intended action
- 3open loop control-not sensitive to f/b
-feedback occurs afterwards to help us learn from it
-missing the reference mechanism
-executive is programmed to send messages to effector and cant be influenced by feedback (carried out without considering its effect) - 4selection errors and execution errorsselection- incorrect action selected e.g. heading instead of kicking a ball
execution- error in the movment nature execution
-selection errors require a whole new motor programme
-execution errors can be redeemed within 30-50ms of the error detection - 5storage and novelty problemsstorage: are there set programmes that we learn and execute for every single type of response? (open loop motor pogrammes that dont consider f/b)
novelty problem: how do we adapt a motor programme to make new responses.. if they are so set and rigid? - 6GMP:governs a class of movements possessing a common pattern
=GENERALIZED
so must be parameterized to suit specific demands of the situation
Parameters: overall force and duration
Invariants: order of events
relative duration
relative force
muscles
e.g. relative duration- if 2 movements have a different relative timing then they must be 2 GPs- invariants CANT BE DIFFERENT - 7what is the speed accuracy trade off?-the faster we try to perform a task often accuracy is compromised
-increasing speed with which you alternate between touching targets will ultimately decrease your accuracy in touching the targets
-due to index of difficulty dependent of the width and amplitude of the targets
MT = LOG2 (2A/W)
linear equation
-increased slope with age
-decreased slope with more skill and practice - 8Internal clock-responsible for internal time keeping- setting the rhythmn for when to produce actions
-motor implementation level which actually carries out the movements
-the greater the intertap interval the greater the variance in clock - 9What factors limit the amount of information that can be transmitted per unit of time in the nervous system?-rate of firing
-number of parralel routes
-refractoriness
-conduction velocity - 10Which of these numbers is closest to the duration of an action potential (in ms)? (1 mark)1ms
- 11Give three types of receptor that contribute to proprioception in man-golgi tendon organs
-muscle spindles
-join receptors - 12Give three methods for investigating human brain functioncell recordings
-electromyography
eeg
emg
mri
tms - 13what is adaptation?describes a receptors decline in activity Vs time
for example- slowly adapting cutaenous recetors fire continuously as long as there is stimulation (ruffini and merkel)
fast adapting fire rapidly at onset and offset of stimulation (pacinican and meissner) - 14types of attentionCONCIOUSNESS:requires thought and awareness
CAPACITY: limited capacity for storage
EFFORT/AROUSAL: requires concious mental effort to allocate resources and concentrate
sELECTIVE: Can selectively attend to some things/divert and allocate resources to them - 15augmented feedback can degrade learning1. KR as guiding the learner to the proper movement; No direct
strengthening of the movement, only indirectly. Theory (e.g. Adams,
1971): guide as a reference of correctness
• Blocking other processing activities. Error detection uses a specific type
of knowledge that the must be learned (inherent sources of feedback)
(Buekers et al, 1992). Alternative sources of information
• Inducing maladaptive corrections. KR can b useful as long as it does not
prescribe corrections that are more precise than the learner’s motor
system is capable of producing. Optimal KR bandwidth ? - 16PRPattention focussed on the first task and cannot switch to the second until a response has been selected
selling a dummy
1. 'ill go left' (cant process them going right in step 2 until youve decided how to respond to 1) - 17modulating effects of PRP1. compatibility (similar task, easier to process and decrease PRP)
2. reduce complexibility
3. increased practice - 18whats the SOA?the time between the onsets of stimulus 1 and 2
-less than 250ms is insufficient to respond to and process the 1st before presenting the second
-lowered RT - 19performance resource functioneasier tasks require fewer resources to achieve the same level of performance
- 20ceiling effect-describes data limits
-where additional resources to the task will no longer improve performance because a ceiling is met- upper limit
you dont physically possess further knowledge-exceeds capacity
-external = identifying a grey car in the fog
internal would be udnerstanding a foreign language - 21resource limits-if adding resources improves performance, the task is resource limited
-more tasks require more resources for the same performance - 22automaticity of tasks-highly automatic tasks will offer very little interference to secondary tasks
-low automaticity means fewer resoucres available to the second task - 23pinhole camera-infinite depth of field
-wider hole would mean smaller depth of field
larger depth of field increases focus
- - 24positive lenses and negative lensespositive is convex
negative is concave
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- Flashcards on EXAM QUESTIONS SM, created by x_rachell_katee_ on 03/06/2014.
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