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HUMAN A&P EXAM 1

vazquez.vannessa English 272 cards

Cards in this deck (272)

  1. 1Functions of the integumentary system include:a.) Protection of underlying tissue (chemical, physical, and biological barrier)
    b.) Excretion of wastes and salts
    c.) maintaining body temperature
    d.)detecting general senses
    e.)synthesis of vitamin D
    f.)storage of nutrients
  2. 2The two components of the cutaneous membrane areepidermis
    and
    dermis
  3. 3The two components of the cutaneous membrane areepidermis and dermis
  4. 4The epidermis is derived from the ______ of the embryo.ectoderm
  5. 5The dermis is derived from the _______ of the embryo.mesoderm
  6. 6The epidermis is composed of:keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
  7. 7The epidermis contains four principal cells:a.) keratinocytes
    b.) melanocytes
    c.) Langerhans cells
    d.)merkel cells (detect touch sensation)
  8. 8The most abundant cells in the epidermis arekeratinocytes
  9. 9_______ are macrophages in the epidermis that are part of the immune system (DEFENSE).Langerhans cells
  10. 10The _______ provides mechanical strength, flexibility, and protection for underlying structures and tissues.dermis
  11. 11The _____ is thicker than the epidermisdermis
  12. 12Epidermal ridges:a.) are components of the epidermis
    b.)Extend into the dermis
    c.)Produce fingerprint (patterns that are genetically determined)
    d.)interconnect with the dermal papillae
    e.)cause ridge patterns on the surface of the skin
  13. 13Accessory structures of the skin include:hairs, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
  14. 14The layers of epidermis determinethin or thick skin
  15. 15Thick skin has five layers:a.) stratum basale (stratum germinativum)
    b.)stratum spinosum
    c.)stratum granulosum
    d.)stratum lucidum
    e.) stratum corneum
  16. 16What does thin skin lack?stratum lucindum
  17. 17Where is stratum lucidum found?In the thick skin area such as palm of the hand or sole of the foot.
  18. 18The layer of the epidermis that contains cells undergoing division isstratum germinativum or stratum basale
  19. 19What is the layer of the epidermis that provides protection against bacteria or chemical and physical damage isstratum corneum (outermost layer)
  20. 20The layer of the epidermis that contains melanocytes isstratum basale
  21. 21The layer of the epidermis that contains large quantities of keratohyalin isstratum granulosum
  22. 222 layers of the dermis1. papillary layer
    2. reticular layer
  23. 23What is the layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves closest to the surface of the skin?papillary layer
    of the dermis.
  24. 24What is the layer of the skin that contains collagen fibers and protein elastin?the reticular layer of the dermis
  25. 25Why does the reticular layer provide more strength and flexibility?because it contains THICK collagen and elastic fibers
  26. 26genetic disease that individual lacks the ability to produce melaninAlbinism
  27. 27What does UV radiation do?increases melanin, produces of cholecalciferol (precursor of vitamin D), causes sunburn and chromosomal damage (DNA) in stem cells
  28. 28What produces melanin with different pigments that provides variations in hair color?melanocytes
  29. 29What are the primary pigments contained in the epidermis?melanin
  30. 30Cyanosis is indicated by?a bluish skin color
  31. 31Characteristics of melanina.) is produced by melanocytes
    b.) increases during exposure to the sun (aka suntan)
    c.)Protects DNA from damaging effect of UV radiation
    d.) increases under MSH from the pituitary gland (Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone)
  32. 32Subcutaneous layer of the skin:a)is not a part of the integumentary system
    b)is also called hypodermis
    c) is located under the epidermis and dermis
    d) contains many blood vessels and fat tissue
    e) is well supplied with nerves that pass into the skin
  33. 33What is sweat produced by?melocrine sweat gland
  34. 34how do melocrine sweat glans secrete secretions?via merocrine mode of secretion
  35. 35Where are merocrine sweat glands mostly found?palms
  36. 36Where does body odor come from?The bacterial metabolism of the secretion of
    apocrine sweat gland
  37. 37How does the apocrine sweat gland secrete secretions?merocrine secretion
  38. 38What is sweat that is watery and seen as moisture on the skin?sensible perspiration
  39. 39What does insensible perspiration refer to?water loss due to interstitial fluid penetration
    through the surface of the skin before it is perceived as moisture
  40. 40characteristics of sweat:a) 99% water
    b) contains electrolytes (sodium ions) and waste products
    c) Evaporates to take away the body heat (the primary function)
    d) takes away bacteria to prevent them from colonizing
  41. 41Why does sweat taste salty?Due to the presence of electrolytes (e.g. NaCl)
  42. 42Sebaceous Glands:a) are simple branched (not coiled) alveolar glands
    b) open mostly to hair follicles
    c)uses the method of holocrine secretion
    d) releases sebum (oily secretion) that serves as antibiotic and lubrication
    e)increase activity in last trimester of gestation
  43. 43What are ceruminous glands?modified sweat glands in external ear
  44. 44What does ceruminous glands produce?a waxy secretion (ear wax)
  45. 45What is ear wax?a combination of secretions of ceruminous glands and sebaceous glands in the external auditory canal
  46. 46Where does nail production occur at?Nail root/matrix
  47. 47Where does hair originate fromhair follicles
  48. 48Hair production (hair growth) occurs where?In the hair papilla (which is the hair matrix) of a hair follicle
  49. 49What is the layer of hard keratin coating the hair?cuticle
  50. 50What is club hairhair that has ceased to grow
  51. 51What are terminal hairs?They characteristically are heavier and more darkly pigmented than other types of hair
  52. 52What are vellus hair?Fine hair that lacks pigment and covers much of the body surface
  53. 53What does baldness refer to?the shift of terminal hairs to vellus hair
  54. 54What is hirsutism?excessive body hair in area that usually not hairy
  55. 55What is the lunula?the pale, crescent-shaped area at the base of a nail
  56. 56What is the lanugo?The unpigmented and extreme fine hair that is shed before birth
  57. 57How are goose-bumps produced?by contraction of the arrector pili muscles
  58. 58How do stretch marks occur?when the skin is so extensively stretched that its elastic capabilities are exceeded
  59. 59How does the repair of the dermis begin?As fibroblasts produce collagen fibers
  60. 60What is the reason why skin can regenerate effectively?because skin stem cells persist in both epithelial and connective tissue components of the skin even after injury
  61. 61what is scar tissue a result of?An abnormally large number of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels at the repair site
  62. 62KeloidA thickened area of scar tissue that extends beyond the boundaries into normal surrounding tissue and is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface
  63. 63What is granulation tissue composed of?clotted blood, fibroblast, and an extensive capillary network
  64. 64what is a scab?a fibrin clot that is formed at the surface of the skin
  65. 65What does a scab =?Blood clot
  66. 66blood clot + fibers + debris=granulation
  67. 67What are wrinkles in the skin a result of?the result of thin epidermis and a decrease of protein elastin
  68. 68What does a surgical incision parallel to the lines of cleavage do?It closes and heals with little scarring
  69. 69What are the lines of cleavage?the parallel arrange of collagen and elastic fiber in the connective tissue under epidermis
  70. 70correct order of the events in the regeneration of skin following an injurya) bleeding usually occurs at the site
    b) clot/scab forms at the surface of the epidermis
    c) granulation tissue forms and the clot dissolves
    d) scar tissue forms
  71. 71Skin in regards to aging:A) decreased number and activity of sebaceous (e.g. dry skin)
    b)thin epidermis (more prone to skin infections)
    c) Fewer Hangerhans cells (this means that one is more prone to skin infection)
    d) decrease of blood supply to the dermis (rise of skin ulcers)
    e)decreased#of sweat glands (heat intolerance)
  72. 72Major functions of the skeletal system includea) protection and support
    b) blood cell production
    c) storage of fat cell tissue
    d) assistance in movement
  73. 73Types of bone cells*osteocytes
    *osteoclasts
    *osteogenic cells
    *osteoblasts
  74. 74Osteocytes1)Osteocytes are mature bone cells 2)Osteocytes are the most abundant cells in bone tissue
    3)Osteocytes occupy a chamber called lacunae.
    4)Osteocytes maintain the protein and mineral content of the surrounding matrix
    5)Osteocytes participate in the repair of damaged bone.
  75. 75osteoclasts1)Are large, multinucleated cells that can dissolve the bone matrix
    2)Are found in the exposed matrix area of the endosteum
    3)Unlike other bone cells, osteoclasts derive from the stem cell that produce monocytes and macrophages
  76. 76osteogenic cells1)bone stem cells that are located in endosteum and the inner layer (cellular layer) of the periosteum
    2)Osteogenic cells divide to produce daughter cells that differentiate into osteoblasts
    3)Osteogenic cells maintain populations of osteoblasts and are important in the repair of a fracture.
  77. 77osteoblastcells for bone formation (osteogenesis)
    1)Osteoblasts synthesize and secrete collagen fibers and other organic components for the bone matrix.
    2)Osteoblasts differentiate to osteocytes as surround themselves with extracellular matrix.
  78. 78ossificationprocess in which an elistin- tissue is replaced by bone tissue
  79. 79calcificationthe process of depositing calcium salts within a tissue
  80. 80osteolysisthe bone matrix is dissolved to release minerals such as calcium and phosphorus into Extra Cellular Fluid ,ECF, or blood.
  81. 81osteogenisformation of new bone tissue
  82. 82What happens if the rate of osteolysis exceeds those of osteogenesis?bone becomes demineralized and weaker
  83. 83Components of bone include:a) calcium phosphate
    b) calcium bicarbonate
    c)collagen fibers
    d) crystals of hydroxyapatit
  84. 84What is the organic component of the bone matrix?osteoid
  85. 85narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytescanaliculi
  86. 86What does the central canal of an osteon containblood vessels
  87. 87what does the medullary cavity of bones containmarrow
  88. 88tiny plates of bone material found in spongy bonetrabeculae
  89. 89SHAFT of the bonediaphysis
  90. 90The lining of the bone marrow cavityendosteum
  91. 91a tough connective tissue sheath that is composed of an outer fibrous layer of dense irregular tissue and an inner osteogenic layerperiosteum
  92. 92what is osteonthe basic functional units of mature compact bone
  93. 93how osteons are arranged?Osteons are arranged in parallel (cylinder) in relationship to the diaphysis of a long bone and
    are lined up in the same direction
  94. 94How trabeculae of spongy are arrangedalong the stress line
  95. 95intramembranous ossification begins with what?the differentiation of osteoblast from MESENCHYMAL CELLS
  96. 96endochondral ossification begins with what?the formation of the CARTILAGE MODEL
  97. 97When the epiphyseal plated is replaced by bone, epiphyseal plate become the epiphyseal line, it indicatesa) long bones have reached their adult length.
    b) bone growth has ended.
  98. 98Major steps in INTRAMEMBRANOUS OPSSIFICATION include:a) Osteoblasts differentiate within a connective tissue at the site of arterioles.
    b) Osteoclasts cluster together to form ossification center.
    c) clusters of osteoblasts form osteoid that become calcified.
    d) small STRUTS of bone (trabeculae) radiate outward from the ossification center (spongy bone) to join with neighboring trabeculae
  99. 99Major steps in ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION include:a) chondrocytes enlarge , die, and calcify
    b) blood vessels invade the perichondrium of the cartilage model
    c) the perichondrium (cartilage membrane) is converted to periosteum (bone membrane) so that the inner layer (cellular layer) produces bone
    d) Osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with spongy bone
    e) Osteoclasts create a marrow cavity
  100. 100Primary ossification occurs atthe center of diaphysis (with the formation of bone marrow cavity)
  101. 101Secondary ossification occursat the center of epiphysis (w/o the formation of bone marrow cavity)
  102. 102Under the production of sex hormones bone willgrow RAPIDLY
  103. 103The main mineral content in the human body is _______ because bone is the major reservoir for ______ in the body.calcium
  104. 104Roles of the hormone CALCITONIN and PTH (parathyroid hormones)a) both are hormones that regulate blood calcium levels
    b) CALCITONIN functions to decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood (HYPOCALCEMIA)
    c) PTH functions to increase the level of calcium ion in the blood (HYPERCALCEMIA)
  105. 105PTH increases the level of calcium ion in the blood (HYPERCALCEMIA) becausea) It stimulates osteoclast activity and inhibits osteoblast activity
    b) It decreases the rate of calcium excretion and increase the rate of calcium absorption
  106. 106Why is Vitamin D necessary for bone formationbecause vitamin D increases the absorption and transport of calcium and phosphate ions from the GI tracts.
  107. 107Sex hormone may cause premature closure of theepiphyseal plates
  108. 108What does more exercise causethicker and stronger bones
  109. 109Factors that are necessary for bone formation includea) vitamin A, C, D, K and B12
    b) Thyroid hormones (thyroxin increases the rate of metabolism)
    c) Protein (osteoid): (growth hormones and sex hormones stimulate protein synthesis for bone growth.)
    d) Calcium, phosphate
  110. 110Bone grows LONGER if...cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the same rate as bone is deposited on the opposite site.
  111. 111What happens when stress is applied to the bone?the minerals in the bone produce a weak electrical field that attracts osteoblasts
  112. 112How does mechanical stress increase bone strength by?by increasing deposition of mineral salts and production of collagen fibers
  113. 113What does the protein crystal interactions allowallows bones to be strong, somewhat flexible, and highly resistant to shattering
  114. 114The calcium phosphate in the bone matrix forms crystals ofHYDROXYAPATITE
  115. 115Remodeling of the bone occurs whenboth bone growth and marrow cavity develop
  116. 116What is the difference between OSTEOMALCIA and OSTEOSPOROSIS?a) OSTEOMALCIA: bone becomes softer due to lack of Calcium or Phosphate (lack of minerals) The most common cause is vitamin D insufficiency (e.g. rickets)
    b) OSTEOSPOROSIS: a condition that produces a REDUCTION OF BONE MASS sufficient to compromise normal bone function
  117. 117bone fractures are completely internal (do not break through the skin) isclosed fracture
  118. 118The correct order of steps in the process of bone repair include:1)formation of a fracture hematoma.
    2)cells of the periosteum and endosteum divide rapidly.
    3)formation of an external and internal callus. 4)cells at the center of the callus differentiate into chondrocytes and cells at the edges of the callus differentiate into osteoblasts.
    5)remodeling the region of the injury.
  119. 119There are 4 primary tissue types:epithelial, connective, muscular, and neural tissue
  120. 120The tissue that always has a free surface exposed to the internal and external environment isepithelial tissue
  121. 121Major functions of epithelia include:•Providing physical protection
    •Controlling permeability
    •Absorption
    •Producing specialized secretions
  122. 122Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption or secretion usually havemicrovilli at their free surface (POLARITY)
  123. 123Microvilli are mostly found in thedigestive organs (small intestine)
  124. 124Cilia are found in therespiratory tract
  125. 125a type of intercellular connection in which there is a partial fusion of the lipid portions of the two cell membranesTight junction
  126. 126intercellular connection in which there is connection of the protein portion of the two cell membranesGap junction
  127. 127contain plaque that attaches both to membrane protein and to microfilamentsAdherens junctions
  128. 128contain plaque that attaches to intermediate filamentsDesmosomes
  129. 129Epithelium is connected to the underlying connective tissue by abasement membrane
  130. 130The components of the basement membrane includethe basal lamina and the reticular lamina
  131. 131The basic shapes of the epithelial tissue includesquamous, cuboidal, and columnar
  132. 132The epithelium lining of the body cavities. In other word, the simple squamous epithelium of the lining of the body cavity is called _______.Mesothelium
  133. 133the simple squamous epithelium lining and the blood vesselsEndothelium
  134. 134The type of epithelium that is found lining internal body compartments and blood vessels issimple squamous epithelium (SSE)
  135. 135Characteristics of the Simple Squamous Epithelium:•Providing little mechanical protection because it is very thin
    •Found most of regions where secretions and absorption occurs
    •Lining internal compartment and passageways
    •Avascular
    •Able to regenerate
  136. 136Both SSE and simple cuboidal epithelium (SCE) are found in regions wheresecretions and absorption most likely occurs
  137. 137most likely found at the follicle of the thyroid glandSimple cuboidal epithelium
  138. 138is found lining the ducts of the sweat glandsStratified cuboidal epithelium
  139. 139is mostly found lining the urinary bladderTransitional epithelium
  140. 140lining the respiratory tract such as trachePseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
  141. 141Glands that secrete hormones into the blood are calledendocrine glands
  142. 142Glands that secrete secretion into external lining (surface of the skin) or internal lining of the visceral organs are calledexocrine glands
  143. 143Merocrine mode of secretion•Secretion in vesicles via exocytosis. Example: watery perspiration (sensible sweating)
    •is the most common mode of the glandular secretion
  144. 144some cytoplasm is lost with the product of secretionApocrine mode of secretion
  145. 145entire cells are lost with product of secretionHolocrine mode of secretion
  146. 146Function both endocrine and exocrine organs (Example: PANCREAS is a mixed gland)MIXED glands
  147. 147Exocrine secretionssecretions are discharged into the epithelial surface or into a duct
  148. 148(hormones) are released by the gland cells into the blood.Endocrine secretions
  149. 149Interstitial growth of the cartilage tissue isthe growth of cartilage by accumulation of matrix between chondrocytes
  150. 150growth in which cartilage or bone grows wider or thicker in diameterAppositional growth
  151. 151Most of ______ cells are multi-cellularexocrine
  152. 152The only example of unicellular exocrine cells isgoblet cells
  153. 153A gland composed of cells arranged in a blind pocket with a single duct that does not branch is calledsimple acinar
  154. 154have an irregular shape with short branching projections and are capable of engulfing bacteria and cellular debris by phagocytosismacrophages
  155. 155Two types of macrophages includefixed and free macrophages
  156. 156Function of the fixed macrophageto remove damaged cells or pathogens from the connective tissue
  157. 157Two types of microphages (white blood cells) includeneutrophils and eosinophils
  158. 158During infection, the numbers of what increase?white blood cells and macrophages
  159. 159During bacterial infection, the number of what increase?neutrophil
  160. 160During viral infection, the number of what increases?lymphocyte
  161. 161produce antibodiesplasma cells
  162. 162cells that respond to injury or infection by dividing to produce daughter cells that differentiate into other cell types.Mesenchymal cells
  163. 163Mast cells and basophils containhistamine
  164. 164Cells that stores fatadipocytes
  165. 165The fibrous components of connective tissue are produced byfibroblasts
  166. 166Three types of fibers in the connective tissue arecollagen, elastic, and reticular fibers
  167. 167the strongest and the most common fiber in the connective tissueCollagen fibers
  168. 168is found in the cardiac muscle cells ONLY.Intercalated disc
  169. 169component of connective tissue between cell and fibersGround substance
  170. 170may be fluid (blood), semifluid, gelatinous (cartilage tissue) or calcified (bone tissue)ground substance
  171. 171The watery ground substance of blood isplasma
  172. 172loose connective tissue component (areolar tissue) of a mucus membrane is calledlamina propria
  173. 173Loose connective tissues includeareolar tissue, adipose tissue, and reticular tissue
  174. 174Major functions of loose connective tissue include•Supporting epithelia
    •Anchoring blood vessels and nerves
    •storing lipids
    •Filling spaces between organs
  175. 175Reticular tissue makes a framework of organs such asspleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow and liver
  176. 176The dominant fiber type in dense connective tissuecollagen fiber
  177. 177Dense regular connective tissue is found inin tendons, ligaments, and aponeurosis (sheet-like tendon)
  178. 178Dense irregular connective tissue is found infascia, reticular layer of the dermis, fibrous pericardium, periosteum, perichondrium, joint capsules, and organ capsules
  179. 179provides strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directionsDense irregular connective tissues
  180. 180found in the matrix of cartilageChondroitin sulfate
  181. 181found in the bone matrixCalcium phosphate and crystals of hydroxyapatite
  182. 182Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous membraneperichondrium
  183. 183Chondrocyte: Osteocyte:cartilage cell
    bone cell
  184. 184Bone is highly ______; cartilage is ______vascular; avascular
  185. 185The most common type of cartilage ishyaline cartilage
  186. 186line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the bodyMucous membranes
  187. 187Function of the serous membrane isto reduce friction between the parietal and visceral layers of an internal cavity
  188. 188Serous membranes consist of a _____supported by ________ _________MESOTHELIUM; AREOLAR TISSUE
  189. 189the areolar tissue of the MUCUS MEMBRANELAMINA PROPRIA
  190. 190The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity isperitoneum
  191. 191The serous membrane covers the heart is thepericardium
  192. 192The serous membrane covers the lungs is thepleura
  193. 193The synovial membrane develops withinconnective tissue (no epithelium)
  194. 194Tissue that is specialized for contraction ismuscle tissue
  195. 195Tissue that is specialized for conduction of electrical impulsesneural tissue
  196. 196dense connective tissue that forms the capsules surrounding many organsdeep fascia
  197. 197Satellite cells would be found in association withskeletal muscle
  198. 198causes the red color and heat associated with inflamed tissueLocal vasodilation
  199. 199Tissue changes with age include:•Less efficient tissue maintenance
    •Thinner epithelia
    •More fragile connective tissues
    •Decreased ability to repair damage
  200. 200The PAP test is a procedure utilizingexfoliative cytology
  201. 201the study of shed cells for clinical purposesExfoliative cytology
  202. 202the science of the body structuresanatomy
  203. 203the science of the body functionsphysiology
  204. 204The study of the structure of individual cellscytology
  205. 205The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organismsurface anatomy
  206. 206The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organismregional anatomy
  207. 207The study of early developmental processesembryology
  208. 208The branch of physiology that deals with CHANGES in function resulting from diseasepathological anatomy
  209. 209Correct order of levels of organizationatom >molecule>organelle>cell>tissue>organ> organ system>organism
  210. 210Major functions of the skeletal system include•support
    •protection of soft tissue
    •mineral storage
    •blood formation
  211. 211Locomotion and heat production are the functions ofthe muscular system
  212. 212organs of the endocrine systempituitary gland and the thyroid gland
  213. 213organs of the urinary systemkidneys and urinary bladder
  214. 214Defense against infection and disease is the function of thelymphatic system
  215. 215The internal transport of cells and dissolved substances is one among the function of thecardio-vascular system
  216. 216an organ of the lymphatic systemspleen
  217. 217the integumentary systemskin, hair and nails
  218. 218the maintenance of a constant and optimal internal environment in an organismhomeostasis
  219. 219occurs when the activities of cells, tissues, organs, or system change intrinsicallyauto-regulation
  220. 220results from the activities of the nervous and endocrine systemextrinsic regulation
  221. 221maintain homeostasis , the nervous system:•Releases neurotransmitters
    •Responds RAPIDLY to a change
    •Directs short-term responses to change.
    •Directs very SPECIFIC responses
  222. 222To maintain homeostasis, the endocrine system:•Releases hormones
    •Responds SLOWLY to a change
    •Directs long-term responses (days or longer)
    •Can produce an effect that involves several organs or tissues at the same time.
    •Directs very SPECIFIC responses
  223. 223a cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, and reevaluated, and so onfeedback system
  224. 224Which is more common negative or positive feedback?Negative
  225. 225example of the negative feedbackcontrolling body temp
  226. 226the initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates (enhances) the stimulus (the change)positive feedback
  227. 227In positive feedback, it ______ the effects of a systemamplifies (increases)
  228. 228In negative feedback, the initial stimulus produces a response that _______ the stimulus (the change).opposes (reduces)
  229. 229examples of the positive feedbacknormal childbirth and blood clots
  230. 230The control center within a negative feedback loop that affects body temperatureINTEGRATION CENTER
  231. 231A cell or organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedbackeffector
  232. 232a body structure that monitors CHANGES in a controlled condition and sends input to a control centerreceptor
  233. 233Homeostasis imbalance may come fromthe external environment (the intense heat of the summer day) and the internal environment (low level of blood sugar, high blood calcium level…)
  234. 234used to describe one body part in relation to anotherTerms of position
  235. 235person facing forward with hand at the sides and palm facing forwardthe anatomical position
  236. 236the front (anterior) or chest and abdominal regions of the bodyVentral
  237. 237refers to the back (posterior)dorsal
  238. 238The ear is _____ to the noselateral
  239. 239The wrist is _____ to the elbowdistal
  240. 240The humerus is ____ to the radiusproximal
  241. 241refers to the lower backlumbar
  242. 242A person lying on the bed gazing at the ceilingsupine
  243. 243downward directioncaudal
  244. 244lying face downprone
  245. 245refers to the upper armbrachial
  246. 246means on the same side of the body as another structureipsilateral
  247. 247means on the opposite side of the body from another sourcecontralateral
  248. 248separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavitydiaphragm muscle
  249. 249The thorax cavity contains thepericardial cavity (heart) and pleural cavities (lungs)
  250. 250The lung is located in thepleural cavity
  251. 251The stomach is primary located in theepigastric area
  252. 252The spleen is found in theLUQ
  253. 253liver is found in theRUQ
  254. 254The appendix is found in theRLQ
  255. 255Visceral pericardium is located onthe heart itself
  256. 256organs inside the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavitiesviscera
  257. 257the central part of the thoracic cavitymediastinum
  258. 258The serous membrane covering the digestive organs in the abdominal cavityperitoneum
  259. 259a fluid-filled space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneumPERITONEAL CAVITY
  260. 260a fluid-filled space surrounds each lungPLEURAL CAVITY
  261. 261The organs that are located behind the peritoneumRETROPERITONEAL ORGANS
  262. 262The retroperitoneal organs includekidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, and rectum.
  263. 263imaginary flat surfaces that are used to divide the body or organ to visualize interior structuresplanes
  264. 264a vertical plane that divides the body or an organ into RIGHT and LEFT sides.saggital plane
  265. 265a vertical plane that divides the body or an organ into equal RIGHT and LEFT sides.mid saggital plane
  266. 266the body or an organ into ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR portionfrontal or coronal plane
  267. 267T or F: A cut from the coronal plane or frontal plane may keep the face remains intact.true
  268. 268divides the body or an organ into SUPERIOR and INFERIOR portiontransverse plane
  269. 269a diagnostic technique that uses a computer to produce sectional views of the body from x raysCT scan
  270. 270a safe, noninvasive and painless procedureultrasound scanning
  271. 271used to study the physiology of body structurespositron emission tomography (PET)
  272. 272shows fine details for soft tissuesMRI

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Flashcards on HUMAN A&P EXAM 1, created by vazquez.vannessa on 03/06/2014.
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