Flashcards
C5
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1What are the 4 gases in the atmosphere?NITROGEN 78%
OXYGEN 21%
ARGON 1%
CARBON DIOXIDE 0.04% - 2What is the atmosphere?Layer of gas surrounding the earth
- 3What is the hydrosphere?All the water on earth
- 4What is the biosphere?All the living things on earth
- 5What is the lithosphere?All the rock on earth
- 6What are molecular substances?-Substances which have molecules held together by STRONG COVALENT BONDS with weak forces of attraction
-Their low melting & boiling points mean they are gases & liquids at room temp
-Most molecular substances are NON-METAL & so have non charged molecules (does not conduct electricity) - 7What are ionic compounds?-Ionic compounds make up a lot of the chemicals in the HYDROSPHERE called salts (.... chloride)
-They form crystals that are made from a LATTICE STRUCTURE; ionic bonds brings all the ions together in the structure
-Have high melting & boiling points because forces between ions are very strong
-Solid at room temp
-Conduct electricity when dissolved/molten as electrons are able to move around (electric current can flow through them) - 8What is an example of 2 chemicals in the hydrosphere?Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) - 9How can you detect positive ions in ionic compounds?FLAME TESTS will identity different metals as they will give different coloured flames
- 10What 4 different coloured flames would 4 different metals produce?SODIUM - orange/yellow flame
POTASSIUM - lilac flame
CALCIUM - red flame
COPPER - blue/green flame - 11How would you identity negative ions in ionic compounds?HYDROCHLORIC ACID can help detect carbonates. With hydrochloric acid, carbonates will fizz because they give off co2. To test for co2, you can use limewater as it turns it cloudy
- 12What is an example of 3 chemicals in the lithosphere?Silicon
Oxygen
Aluminium - 13What are 2 giant covalent structures carbon forms & what are some facts about them?DIAMOND - has 4 covalent bonds, doesn't conduct electricity, high melting point, insoluble in water, hardest natural substance
GRAPHITE - conducts electricity, high melting point, 3 covalent bonds, atoms are free to slide across each other - 14How would you extract metals from minerals in the lithosphere?Minerals: solid elements & compounds
Metal ores: rocks that contain minerals from which metals can be extracted
Most metals need to be extracted from their ores using a chemical reaction. Some metals, such as IRON, can be extracted by a reduction with carbon - 15What is electrolysis?Electrolysis is a form of splitting up substances using electricity. It is a way to extract ALUMINIUM from its ore
- 16How does electrolysis work?-Free ions conduct electricity & allow electrolysis to work
-Electrons are taken away from ions at the POSITIVE ELECTRODE & are given to other ions at the NEGATIVE ELECTRODE
-Electrolysis is only used when it is too reactive to extract from the ore with carbon - 17What are the 4 steps on how to find out how much metal can be extracted in an equation?1. Find out the RFM
2. Find out the RAM of the metal you wish to extract
3. Divide the RAM by the RFM
4. Multiply answer by how much you are extracting from (eg 800g) - 18What are some facts about metals?-Metals consist of a giant structure
-Metallic bonds have 'free electrons' that come from their outer shells in their atoms
-Positively charged metal ions are held together by these free electrons
-Because of their free electrons, they are able to carry heat & electric current - 19What do metallic bonds & layers of atoms do to metals?METALLIC BONDS - make metals strong, have high boiling & melting points
LAYERS OF ATOMS - make them malleable (atoms can slide over eachother) - 20What are some environmental impacts that we face by extracting from ores?-Useful products
-Social, economic & environmental affect of mining
-Limited amount - 21What are some environmental impacts that we face by recycling metals?-Conserves resources
-Less energy that to extract
-Mining & extracting uses a lot of energy
-Fossil fuels are running out to be using a lot of energy for mining & extracting
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- GCSE SCIENCE Flashcards on C5 , created by sarahrudolf on 09/06/2014.
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