Academic Language Synthesis

Definition:

Academic Language is the language used in school for teaching and learning subjects. (pg. 48)

Language

Academic Language

Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP)

Social Language

Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)

Definition:

Used in basic conversations, of back-and-forth turn taking, usually face to face, and is rich in context clues (gestures, facial expressions, and objects) to support comprehension.

At least 5 to 7 years to master

At least 2 to 3 years to master

Needs to be precise, clear, and complete.

Formal NOT Personal

Requires higher order processes like predicting, evaluating, and comparing.

Qualities:

Decontextualized

Formal NOT Personal

Requires higher order processes

Functions:

Require attention to organization, sequencing, and ideas.

Oral Language

Oral & Written Language Intertwined

Ex: Follow lectures and Understand oral Explanations

Ex: Read and discuss instructions to carry out an experiment

Linguistic Features:

Syntax

Vocabulary

Discourse Structures

Syntax

Ex: Dependent Clauses and Passive Voice

Vocabulary

Ex: Multiple meanings of words and Content specific

Discourse Structures

Ex: Narrative, Compare and Contrast, and Persuasion

Background Knowledge

As this grows, the ability to grapple with more complex subject matter grows.

Ex: Can't understand multiplication until you understand adding numbers.