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evolutionary explanations for aggression

Jealousy

infidelity

Evolutionists argue, reproductive challenges faced by our ancestors can explain aggression. Male uncertain if he has fathered his wifes children unless prevents her from having a relationship with other males.can explain male sexual jealousy and how it may lead to domestic violence.some countreis acceptable to murder adulterous wife and lover.e.g nuer people of east Africa.

Daly and Wilson- men evolved- strategies to prevent female partners commiting adultery.Stratergies from vigilance like reading messages, stopping them spend time with her friends. to violence. behaviour caused by male sexual jealousy. adaptation- deal with threat of parternal uncertainty.

Cuckoldry

Fathers cant be sure if children are theres.If women become unfaithful Men at risk of cuckoldry.which means he will invest his time,effort and recourses to rearing children that are not his own. Male sexual jealousy explained as being evolved to prevent infidenltiy or women and therefore reduce chnave of cuckoldry

Buss- males have developed startergies for retaining there mates.e.g direct guarding and negative inducements to control and prevent her straying. Sexual jealousy primary cause of violence against women. Studies show women with cases of domestic abuse. shown partner with extreme jealousy. Also, found 17% of murder cases caused by sexual jealousy.

Wilson- link between sexual jealousy, mate retention and violence supporting evolutionary explanations. 550 women, who indicated partners were jealous and didn't like engadging in convo with other men.twice as likely to experience violence from partners

Highlights how sexual jealousy can lead to violence. hHowever, correlation data.can not infer cause and effect. e.g men might already be violent for other reasons than sexual jealousy.

Men who can prevent female infidelity by giving partners positive reasosn to stay are less likely to be violent.men who can provide benefits. Jealousy and violence. leading to uniteneded killing- uxorocide.

Daly and Wilson- death of partner an unitended outcome of a evolutionary adaptation which was designed to control rather than death.

Violence towards pregnant partners- sexual infidelity lead to pregnancy.if child is born long term mate who is not the father risks investing in another males offspring- lowering his reproductive sucsess. If women becomes pregnant with another mans offspring. violence directed towards her to terminate the pregnancy. stopping potential offspring of rival. leaving her free to create offspring of him.

Sexual coercion- consequence of male suspicions of wives sexual infidelity.Study found direct link with sexual assalt of female partner and the perceived risk of her infidelity.

Murder

Statistics show murder majority commited by men. explanation lack of recourses lead to ^ male aggression as females believed to be attracted to males with best recourses. Murder to eliminate rivals.support murder satistics- 43% victims male and 41% perpentartors being unemployed

Adaptation of aggression, advantage to decrease rivals. more likely to attrat a mate. ^ pass on offspring. show how muder could be an adaption to gain a evolutionary advantage.