Cognitive Semantics

Cognitive Semantics

1. Categorization

   • Classical approach
     • Fixed, well delimited boundaries
       • Contextually flexible
   • Standard prototype approach
     • Example or prototype of the category resemblance
       • Goodness-of-Exemplar (GOE) rating
         • Order of mention
         • Overall frequency
         • Order of acquisition
         • Vocabulary learning
         • Speed of verification
         • Fuzzy boundaries
     • No category boundary is recognized
   • Basic level
     • Characteristic patterns of behavioural interaction
     • Clear image can be formed
     • Everyday refence
     • 'Best' categories can be created
     • Names are morphologically simple

2. Conceptualization

   • Cruse
     • organized bundle of stored knowledge
       • Complex multi-dimensional network
     • A satisfactory description of a category must specify both internal structure and location of boundary area.
   • Langacker
     • concepts (profile) only make sense when viewed against the background of certain domains (base)

3. Lakoff

   • Idealized cognitive models (ICM)
     • cognitive structures whose purpose is to represent reality from a certain perspective that may result in a process of idealization of reality.