Unit 1: Scientific activity

Unit 1: Scientific activity

1. SCIENTIFIC METHOD

   • method that sientists use to investigate the phenomena produced in nature.
     • STEPS:
       • 1.Observation or propose a problem
       • 2.Search for information
       • 3.Statement of an hypothesis
       • 4.Experimentation
       • 5.Analysis of results
         • types of analysis the results
           • Bar chort
           • Pie chort
           • Graph
           • Data table
       • 6.Conclusion

2. MEASUREMENT

   • Magnitude
     • is any property of a sustance that can be mesurement.
       • ex: mass, volume,lenght, area, etc...
     • Types
       • base magnitudes
         • are obtained through direct mesurement
           • ex: time and temperature
             • study the table in the notebook (2.2)
       • derived magnitudes
         • are obtained from base magnitudes
           • ex: velocity and density
   • Unit of mesurement
     • a standard wich, taken as a reference, seves to explain the mesurement of a magnitude.
       • Characteristics
         • universal
         • easy to reproduce
         • contact
       • ex: second, cubic metre, kelvin, metre per second, etc...
   • Types
     • direct measurement
       • can measure it directly by using an instrument.
     • indirect measurement
       • are obtained using formulas.

3. SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

   • STEPS:
     • 1. Get the first none 0 number and put a coma after it.
       • ex: 0'0085kg= 8'
     • 2. Put the rest of the none 0 number after the coma.
       • ex: 0'0085kg= 8'5
     • 3. Multiply by a power of 10.
       • ex: 0'0085kg= 8'5•10(-3)elevate
     • 4. Units international system!!!
       • ex: 0'0085kg= 8'5•10(-3)elevate kg

4. MULTIPLES AND SUBMULTIPLES

   • MULTIPLES
     • Kilo-
       • 1000
         • 10(3)
           • ten to the power of 3
     • Hecto-
       • 100
         • 10(2)
           • ten to the power of 2
     • Deca-
       • 10
         • 10(1)
           • ten to the power of 1
   • UNIT
     • metre/litre/gram/etc...
       • 1
         • 10(0)
           • ten to the power of 0
   • SUBMUTIPLES
     • deci-
       • 0'1
         • 10(-1)
           • ten to the power of -1
     • centi-
       • 0'01
         • 10(-2)
           • ten to the power of -2
     • mili-
       • 0'001
         • 10(-3)
           • ten to the power of -3

5. CONVERSION FACTORS

   • is a fraction in wich the numertor and denominator represent measurement, wich are the same, but are expressed in multiples and submultiples.
     • STEPS
       • 1. Multiply the measurement given by a fraction.
         • Ex: 3km· -----
       • 2. Put the units that we want to obtain in the units in the denominator
         • Ex: 3km· m/km
       • 3. Numerator and denominator should be the same(equal).
         • Ex: 3km· 1000m/1km
         • Ex: 3km· 1m/0'001km
       • 4. We operate
         • Ex: 3km· 1000m/1km = 3000m
     • EX: 3km= 3000m
   • part 2 in the notebook(2.5)

6. HAZARD SYMBOLS

   • INFLAMABLE
     • gas, liquid or solid,catches the fire easily.
   • CORROSIVE
     • attacks and destroys living tissues such as the eyes or the skin.
   • TOXIC IRRITANT
     • acutenly(less than) toxic, irritant to skin, lungs or eyes.
   • EXPLOSIVE
     • unstable explosive.
   • TOXIC
     • can cause death if you swallowed, breathed or absorved thought the skin.
   • OXIDANT
     • provide oxygen, can cause an explosion or fire.

7. LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS

   • in the notebook after the mid-term exam.

8. RULES

   • in the notebook (4)

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