Text of types

Text of types

1. Descriptive

   • Identify the phenomenon to be described; provides qualities and characteristics; focuses on specific participants
     • Communicative Intention
       • List the attributes of a person, thing, situation, etc. They make reference to the reader’s five senses.
         • Linguistic Features
           • Adjectives and adverbs Third person pronoun forms Comparisons
             • Examples
               • Repetition of words, rhetorical questions; emotional-one side argument.

2. Narrative

   • Imaginative history; spoken or written of connected events; in its structural orientation, complication, resolution and, in some cases, evaluation
     • Communicative Intention
       • An Account of events; a piece of writing that tells a story. Nonfiction-real facts
         • Linguistic Features
           • Characters as subjects of the story (protagonist-antagonist); a plot.
             • Examples
               • Autobiographies and biographies Medical case reports; research papers, review articles, and editorials

3. Argumentative

   • Subject or a problem is discussed, often with no obvious solutions but tackled from different angles by comparing and contrasting, and expressing
     • Communicative Intention
       • To influence or change another person’s mind to demonstrate the author's argument as valid.
         • Linguistic Features
           • The author’s position; supporting reasons – facts and hard evidence; end with a straightforward “call to action” to show agreement.
             • Examples
               • Commercial ads: a) “Smoking causes cancer”, sponsored up with the aid of the FDA. b)Colgate toothpaste reduces plaque up to 98% / 12 hrs.- scientific proof
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4. Persuasive

   • To convince the reader to agree with the author about a problem. There is no room for personal opinions here, however, two sides of an argument can occasionally be considered
     • Communicative Intention
       • Opinion is blended with facts in an attempt to make the reader believe the author is right
         • Linguistic Features
           • Advert asking: “Thumbs up who wants our elders to live healthier?
             • Examples
               • Discharge summaries -medical students; consultation letter and case report – private practitioner.

5. Expositive

   • It is to inform topics of general interest for a non-specialized public, and, sometimes, without previous knowledge
     • Communicative Intention
       • It is a textual modality that presents an objective exchange of facts, ideas or concepts. The strict organization of the text seeks the objective of increasing the knowledge of the audience to whom it is addressed
         • Linguistic Features
           • The expository text is a type of discourse that is characterized by containing explicit and clear information about a specific topic, that is, in this type of texts, the referential function of language predominates because its purpose is to inform
             • Examples
               • Divulgativos: informs about a topic of interest, does not need specialization to understand it. Example: conference, etc. Specialized: requires prior knowledge of the subject. Examples: Reports, laws, articles, etc.

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