THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE

THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE

1. Paradigms

   • A set of theories that explain the way a particular subject is understood at a particular time
   • NEUROLINGUISTICS
     • Language and the brain
       • 2 main areas associated with language
         • BROCA'S AREA
           • Help us speak (LANGUAGE EXPRESSION)
           • left frontal lobe
         • WERNICKE'S AREA
           • Help us understand language
           • back temporal lobe
           • Connected by ARCUATE FASCICULUS
             • Nerve fibers which allows communication
               • If this is damaged...
                 • CONDUCTION APHASIA
                 • Different types of Aphasia
                   • AGRAPHIA
                   • ANOMIA
                   • BROCA'S APHASIA
                   • WERNICKE'S APHASIA
                 • It can be fixed by
                   • NEURAL PLASTICITY
           • CORPUS CALLOSUM
             • Connection between 2 hemispheres and the brain
   • PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
     • Language and the mind
       • Language Acquisition
         • First Language Acquisition
           • Theories
             • BEHAVIORISM
               • Acquire language through imitation
                 • STIMULUS-RESPONSE TABULA-RASA
             • INNATISM
               • Innate capacity for language development
                 • UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR
                 • STAGES
                   • 1. The Pre-linguistic Period
                   • 2. The Holophrastic Period
                   • 4. The Telegraphic Period
                   • 3. The Complex Period
             • INTERACTIONISM
               • Acquire language through interaction with environment
                 • STAGES
                 • ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT
             • NURTURE
               • children acquire language by personal experiences
             • NATURE
               • children are biologically fitted
         • Second Language Acquisition
           • KRASHEN'S MONITOR MODEL
             • ACQUISITION-LEARNING HYPOTHESIS
             • THE MONITOR MODEL HYPOTHESIS
             • THE NATURAL ORDER HYPOTHESIS
             • THE INPUT HYPOTHESIS
             • THE AFFECTIVE FILTER HYPOTHESIS
             • INNATIST
           • EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT KNOWLEDGE Models-Bialystok
             • E: What we know about language
             • I: Information that one uses simultaneously and automatically
             • COGNITIVE
             • STAGES
               • 1. PRE-PRODUCTION
               • 2. EARLY PRODUCTION
               • 3. SPEECH EMERGENCE
               • 4. INTERMEDIATE FLUENCY
               • 5. ADVANCED FLUENCY
           • McLaughlin's ATTENTION-PROCESSING MODEL
           • Long's INTERACTION HYPOTHESIS
             • CONSTRUCTIVIST
         • The capacity to perceive and comprehend language
   • SOCIOLINGUISTICS
     • Language and society
       • Influenced by some factors
         • AGE
         • GENDER
         • SOCIAL CLASS
         • REGIONAL VARIETY
         • ETHNICITY
         • REGISTER

2. LINGUISTICS