ATTENTION AND AWARENESS

ATTENTION AND AWARENESS

1. According to Schmidt

   • Attention, consciousness, noticing, awareness, and understanding, are used interchangeably
     • four dimensions for consciousness
       • there are
       • Intention: the learner attends to the stimulus.
       • Attention: the detection of stimulus
       • Awareness: the learner's knowledge or subjective experience that he or she is detecting a stimulus.
       • Control: extent to which the language learner's output is controlled.
     • Noticing: refers to the registration of the occurrence of a stimulus.

2. For Tomlin and Villa

   • there are four conceptions of attention.
     • Limited capacity system, process of selection, control, and coordination among competing stimuli and response.

3. For Posher and Petersen

   • attention has three networks.
     • Alertness
       • General state of readiness to receive input.
     • Orientation
       • the alignment of attention resource to a particular stimulus.
     • Detetaction.
       • Cognitive registration of a stimulus.

4. For Leau

   • Awareness requieres two conditions.
     • Low awareness and High awareness

5. According to Reber

   • Awareness in learning requires to distinguish between.
     • learning and knowledge.
       • implicit learning: acquisition of knoledge independently of concious attempts to do so.
       • explicit learning:the learner is aware of
       • implicit knowledge: acquired without awareness.
       • explicit knowledge: knoledge that the learner is aware of.

6. According to Robinson

   • there are two categories of attention theories.
     • Filter theory
       • Selection in attention.
     • Capacity theory.
       • stimuli are not neccesary competing for attentional resources,

7. The nature of attention.

   • For Sperling
     • Attention is a limited capacity system
       • Attention is limited in terms of orientation rather than detection.