Bilingual programs

Bilingual programs

1. MONOGLOSSIC

   • Subtractive
     • Submersion
       • There is no support in L1. Children achieve proficiency in L2.
         • L1 tends to dissapear.
     • Transitional
       • Children use L1 in early years while learning L2. The aim is monolingualism in L2.
   • Additive
     • Maintenance
       • Preserve minority language while learning L2.
     • Prestigious
       • Students learn a second language considered a symbol of prestige. The learning process is not related to the cultural context.
     • Immersion
       • Students make the decision of learning a foreign language (minority language). They learn the content through L2 and the teacher doesn't speak in students' L1.

2. HETEROGLOSSIC

   • Recursive
     • Immersion revitalization
       • The aim is to protect a minority language.
         • Examples: Maori in New Zeland Spanish in USA Hebrew in Jewish communities
         • Support in minority language L1.
     • Developmental
       • One-way developmental bilingual education programs (DBE). Children receive instruction in L1 which is the minority language.
   • Dynamic
     • Two - way immersion
       • Dual language programms. Both languages could be L1 and L2. in a multilingual society in which it is found linguistic heterogeneity.
         • Content in target language or languages.
     • CLIL
       • Language as a medium for learning content and improve communication skills and cognition processes. The aim is to develop multilingualism and plurilingualism
     • TRANSLANGUAGING
       • Languages are interconnected. Speakers use the languages according to their communication needs.

3. CONCURRENT

   • Use of code - switching as a learning tool. It is allowed the use of both languages L1 and L2 during the lesson.
     • The use of L1 or L2 during a lesson is not penalized. Multiples languages in the same classroom.

Images and files in the map

• Bilingual Program: Academic Content in Two Languages (Embed)
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• What is translanguaging, really? (Embed)
• An Immersion Education Explained (Embed)