Inorganic Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry

1. Inorganic chemistry is based on any element that does not contain carbon

   • The chemistry in your life
     • Antoine Lavoisier states that matter is transformed, never destroyed
       • Energy
         • The ability of matter to carry out work, to cause changes in its environment or to transfer heat
           • Tipes of energy
       • Matter
         • Whatever you have
           • Mass
           • occupies space and volume
     • Atomic models
       • Everything starts with a demographic who establishes that the matter is formed by small particles
         • In 1808, the image of the atom exposed by Dalton was of tiny spherical, indivisible and immutable particles, equal to each other in each chemical element.
           • Thomson discovered the electrons
             • Milikan established the net charge of the electrons
               • In 1911, Rutherford showed that the atoms were not massive, like was believed but that they they are mostly empty and in its center is a small nucleus, This being the proton.
                 • In 1913, Bohr presented his model that it is based on the discontinuous atomic spectra caused by radiation emitted by the excited atoms of the elements in a gaseous state.
                   • In 1932 Chadwick discovered the nucleus.
                     • Sommerfeld perfected the Bohr model in 1926
                       • Broglie in 1924 inserted the idea of quantum numbers
                         • Heisenberg introduces the uncertainty principle
                           • The Schrödinger equation describes the temporal dependence of quantum mechanic systems.
   • Periodic table
     • The periodic table of the elements is an arrangement of the chemical elements in the form of a table, ordered by their atomic number (number of protons), 2 by their electron configuration and their chemical properties. This arrangement shows periodic trends, as elements with similar behavior in the same column.
       • In the words of Theodor Benfey, the table and the periodic law "are the heart of chemistry — comparable to the theory of evolution in biology (which succeeded the concept of the Great Chain of Being), and the laws of thermodynamics in classical physics -
         • The rows in the table are called periods and the groups columns.4 Some groups have names. Thus, for example, group 17 is that of halogens and group 18 is that of noble gases.5 The table is also divided into four blocks with some similar chemical properties.6 Because the positions are ordered, it can be used the table to obtain relationships between the properties of the elements, or forecast properties of new elements not yet discovered or synthesized. The periodic table provides a useful framework for analyzing chemical behavior and is widely used in chemistry and other sciences.
           • Dmitri Mendeleev published in 1869 the first version of the periodic table that was widely recognized. He developed it to illustrate periodic trends in the properties of the elements then known, by ordering the elements based on their chemical properties, 7 although Julius Lothar Meyer, working separately, carried out an ordering based on the physical properties of the elements. Atoms.8 Mendeleev also predicted some properties of then unknown elements that he anticipated would occupy the empty places in his table. Subsequently it was shown that most of his predictions were correct when the elements in question were discovered.
             • Mendeleev's periodic table has since been expanded and improved with the discovery or synthesis of new elements and the development of new theoretical models to explain chemical behavior. The current structure was designed by Alfred Werner from the Mendeléyev version. There are also other periodic arrangements according to different properties and according to the use that you want to give (in teaching, geology, etc.)
               • All elements of atomic number from 1 (hydrogen) to 118 (oganeson) have been discovered or synthesized; IUPAC confirmed elements 113, 115, 117 and 118 on December 30, 2015.10 and their official names and symbols were made public on November 28, 2016.1 The first 94 exist naturally, although some have only been found in small amounts and were synthesized in the laboratory before being found in nature. 1 Elements with atomic numbers from 95 to 118 have only been synthesized in laboratories. There also numerous synthetic radioisotopes of elements present in nature were produced. The elements of 95 to 100 existed in nature in times past but currently no.11 Research to synthesize new elements of higher atomic numbers continues.
   • Chemical Bonds
     • Chemical Bond. It is defined as the force that holds together groups of two or more atoms and makes them work as a unit.
       • The atoms come together because, being united, they acquire a more stable situation than when they were separated.
         • Valence Electrons are those that are located at the outermost energy level of an atom.

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