Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence

1. Objective

   • fairly new area of science
   • 1956
   • Capacities that we consider intelligent
   • Involves generic areas and specific

2. Concept evolution

   • “The study of how to make computers that do things that, for the moment, people do better ”(Rich and Knight, 1991)
   • "The effort to make computers think ... machines with minds on the broad and literal sense ”(Haugeland, 1985)
   • Artificial Intelligence will exist when we aren't able to distinguish between a human and a computer program in a blind conversation (1950, Alan Touring)

3. Chinese room

   • Mental experiment
   • proposed by the philosopher John Searle and it was made famous by Roger Penrose
   • "a machine is incapable of thinking"
   • The Chinese room seeks to show us that a machine can perform an action without understanding what does and why it does.

4. Definition

   • AI is a science that tries to create programs for machines that imitate human behavior and understanding.
     • Try to create machines and / or programs to automate tasks

5. Types of AI

   • Agent
     • Anything capable of perceiving its environment (receiving inputs), process such perceptions and act in their environment (provide outputs).
   • Types of process
     • Execution of a predetermined response for each entry
     • Search for the required state in the set of states produced by the possible actions
     • Genetic algorithms
     • Artificial neural networks
     • Reasoning through formal logic

6. History

   • Aristóteles (384-322 b. C.
     • Described a set of rules of the human mind
   • Ktesibios de Alejandría (250 b. C.)
     • Made the first automatic machine
   • Ramon Llull (1315)
     • Wrote a book(Ars magna) that describes the idea that the reasoning could be done artificially.
   • Alan Turing (1950)
     • Wrote an article explaining the imitation game
   • McClelland y Rumelhart (1986)
     • published the parallel Distributed Processing article
   • 2006 celebrated the anniversary with the Congress in Spanish 50 years of Artificial intelligence

7. Aplications

   • Computational linguistics
   • Data Mining
   • Industrial Apps.
   • Medical Apps.
   • Virtual worlds