THE INTERVIEW AND INTERVIEW TYPES

THE INTERVIEW AND INTERVIEW TYPES

1. An interview is an exchange of ideas or opinions through a conversation that takes place between two or more people. Everyone present at an interview discusses a specific question.

   • Two roles can be distinguished within an interview:
     • Interviewer: It fulfills the function of directing the interview and raises the topic to be addressed by asking questions. In turn, it starts and ends the interview.
       • Interviewee: Is one who voluntarily exposes himself to the interviewer's questioning. There are job, journalistic or clinical interviews. All are reciprocal, that is, in it the interviewer poses a structured questioning or a totally free conversation with the interviewee.
         • Types of interviews
           • Structured interview
             • A formal and structured interview is characterized by being presented in a standardized way; It asks questions that were previously thought out and that are addressed to a particular interviewee who specifically answers what is being asked.
               • For this reason, the interviewer has limited freedom when formulating the questions, since these cannot arise from the interview itself, but from a questionnaire carried out beforehand.
                 • Among its advantages are:
                   • The information is easy to interpret, which favors comparative analysis. The interviewer does not require much experience in the technique, as he follows the question schedule. Its disadvantages can be:
                     • This technique has limitations when delving into a topic that arises in the interview since it follows a predetermined questionnaire, which does not allow the dialogue to flow naturally. Free and unstructured interview
                       • Unlike a structured interview, an unstructured interview is flexible and open since, despite the fact that there is a research objective that governs the questions, the answers are not expected to possess some depth or ordered content.
                         • In this type of interview, the interviewer is in charge of preparing questions but (unlike the formal interview) should not follow a schedule on how to carry the questions and how they are formulated.
                           • Many times spontaneity and modern journalism lead to a free dialogue, generating debate topics that emerge as the talk flows.
                             • APA REFERENCES
                               • • Coffey, A. and Atkinson, P. (2003). Making sense of qualitative data. Colombia: With your.
                                 • • Dorio, I., Sabariego, M., and Massot, I. (2004). "General characteristics of the qualitative research". In R. Bisquerra (Coord.). Investigation methodology educational (pp. 204-219). Madrid: The Wall.
                                   • • Miles, M., and Huberman, A. (1984). Qualitative data analysis. Beverly Hills: Sage.
                                     • • Ruiz Olabuénaga, J. (1999). Qualitative research methodology. Bilbao: Deusto University.

2. Its advantages are:

   • Being adaptable and free, a pleasant climate is achieved that enables deepening on topics of interest. It allows the cross-examination if the interviewee mentioned a topic of interest.
     • Within this type of interview we find the following subdivision: Depth interview Focused interview Focused interview
       • Among its disadvantages are: Since the topics tend to expand, it is more expensive to do because of the time spent by the interviewer. A great technique and information is required on the topic to be dealt with in order to have arguments and opinions that allow us to deepen and dialogue.

3. Job interviews

   • In many cases, before accessing a job, interviews are usually done to meet the applicant and to find out if he or she has the required skills for the job.
     • Normally, before accessing a job interview, some preliminary steps are required, such as the delivery of letters of recommendation or the curriculum vitae. This type of interview usually involves the person applying for the job and a representative of the company or institution that you want to access.
       • The job interview can be structured, when a series of questions are asked that must be answered; or unstructured, when it is a dialogue between the interviewer and the interviewee in a more fluid or natural way. However, in general it is usually mixed, that is, the interviewee answers certain predetermined questions, but in turn open questions are asked, without an established order.
         • Job interviews can be individual or group (when multiple applicants are interviewed simultaneously). There are also panel interviews, in which there are multiple interviewers for an applicant.

4. Journalistic interviews

   • Journalistic interviews are used as a testimonial means to give credibility to a certain report or analysis. Many times they are used as an introduction to a topic or as material for a specific investigation or analysis.
     • These interviews can be previously scheduled or can arise unexpectedly (these are widely used in police, political and sports journalism).
       • There are different types of genres of this kind of interview:
         • Opinion interviews. Type of interview in which you seek to know the opinions of the interviewee. Many times no questions are asked, but only comments so that the interviewee can guide their ideas towards a certain topic.
           • nformative interviews. Type of interview in which the interviewer tries to get unknown information. In them, the interviewer does not have previous knowledge of the subject, but acquires it as the interview progresses.
             • Interpretive interviews. Type of interview in which the interviewer has knowledge of the topic of discussion and her questions are both informative and interpretive.

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