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Mind map

The Learning of a Second Language

NATIVIDAD CORDOVA ROSAS INGLES Spanish

The Learning of a Second Language

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The Learning of a Second Language

  1. Individual learning factors: an overview

    • Affective
      • Personality
      • Attitudes
      • Motivation
      • Anxiety
    • Cognitive
      • Aptitude
      • Learning or cognitive style
      • Intelligence
      • Learning Strategies
    • Age

  2. Input and Interaction

    • Input
      • Language information or data a learner is exposed to and has access to
      • The language that is addressed to the L2 learner by a native speaker of another L2 learner. (Ellis 1985 )
      • Behaviourism; the process of SLA controlled by presenting L2 in the right doses to the learner.
      • There was not direct correlation between input and output (Chumsky) Nativists
      • Interactionist: the acquisition of language as result of the interaction between the learner´s mental process and the linguistic environment
      • Input should be modified or adapted in some way, so the actual learning may take place.
      • Input may be the result of interaction
    • Interaction
      • Discourse jointly constructed by the learner and the interlocutor
    • Studied in natural settings and in classroom environments
      • Natural settings: has to be considered in terms of foreigner talk.
        • Foreigner talk occurs because of the need to negotiate meaning and to simplify language
      • In classrooms investigated by means of interactional analysis, the study of teacher talk and discourse analysis.
      • Pica, Young and Doughty (1987) found that modifications in interaction produced higher levels of comprehension than modifications in the nature of input
    • Ellis (1985) Optimal learning environment
      • High quantity of input directed to the learner
      • Learner perceives need to communicate in L2
      • Control over the topic choice
      • "Here and now" principle
      • Learner needs the opportunity to listen to and to produced language used for different language functions
      • Exposure to a high amount of directives
      • Exposure to a high quantity of "extending utterances"
      • Opportunities for unninhibited "practice"

  3. The role of formal instruction in the learning of a second language

    • Scholars like Newmark (1966) believe formal instruction does not play and important role
      • Learners to spend time engaging in conversation with native speakers
    • 3 different positions to explained classroom SLA
      • The None-Interface Position Krashen (1982)
        • "Acquired" / "Learned" Formal instruction failed to influence the natural route of SLA
      • The Interface Position Stevick (1980) Sharwood Smith (1981)
        • Learned of explicit knowledge could turn into "acquired" with enough practice
      • The viriability position Tyrone (1983) Bialystok (1982)
        • Different type of knowledge arose from and are required for performance of different language tasks

  4. Bilingualism and multilingualism

    • A multilingual person can communicate in more than one language
    • The first language (or mother tongue) is acquired without formal education
    • In the case of simultaneous bilinguals, one language usually dominates over the other
    • Due to globalisation, children may be bilingual before they go to school
    • EAL (English as an additional language)
    • Native Speaker
    • English as a Lingua Franca (ELF)
    • Introduction to another language is better to start young (Cenoz 2009)
    • Common underlying proficiency (Cummins 1984-2000)
    • Length of time necessary to acquire a secong language is nearer to five years (Collier 1992, Ramirez 1992)
    • Students with bilingual instructions show better performance academically, more cognitive elasticity and better ability to analyse abstract visual patterns
    • In an integrated curriculum, languages are no longer "over there" as a separate domain

  5. Several variables: Contextual or Individual/Personal

    • Teaching:
      • Teacher
      • Material
      • Syllabus
      • Methodology
      • Resources
    • Learner:
      • Intelligence
      • Aptitude
      • Attitude
      • Personality
      • Self-steem
      • Extroversion
      • Anxiety
      • Risk-taking
      • Cognitive Style
        • Dependent
        • Independent
        • Oral
        • Visual
        • Reflexive
        • Impulsive
      • Age
    • Context:
      • SL / FL
      • Opportunities for language use
      • Social environment
    • Learning
      • Unconscious
        • Generalisation
        • Transference
        • Simplification
      • Conscious
        • Learning strategies
    • Outcome
      • Proficiency
        • Listening
        • Speaking
        • Writing
        • Reading
      • Errors
      • Interlanguage
      • Affective reactions

  6. REFERENCE: UNIVERSIDAD IEXPRO (s.f.) SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION. TUXTLA GUTIERREZ, CHIAPAS, MEXICO

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  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language
  • The Learning of a Second Language

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Description
INGLES Mind Map on The Learning of a Second Language, created by NATIVIDAD CORDOVA ROSAS on 29/07/2020.
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NATIVIDAD CORDOVA ROSAS · Jul 2020
Updated
Jul 29, 2020
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  • Created by NATIVIDAD CORDOVA ROSAS · Jul 22, 2020
  • Copied by NATIVIDAD CORDOVA ROSAS · Jul 29, 2020
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