Chapter 7: Painting

Chapter 7: Painting

1. Encaustic

   • Pigment mixed with wax and resin
     • Young Woman with a Gold Pectoral from Fayum
     • Jasper John's Numbers in Color
   • When heated, the wax melts and the paint can be brushed easily
   • When cooled, the paint hardens
   • An important technique in ancient Greece

2. Fresco

   • Pigments mixed with water and applied to a plaster support, like was or ceiling
     • Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo
     • Raphael's The School of Athens - Stanza della Segnatura
     • Diego Rivera's Mixtec Culture
   • Planification of each day's work: The plaster can be painted only with a proper degree of dampness
   • Mistakes can only be corected by lettting the plaster dry, chipping it away, and starting all over again

3. Tempera

   • Aqueous medium like a watercolor that dries to a though insoluble film
     • Mixture with oil, fat, wax, or resin
     • Girolamo dai Libri's Manuscript Illumination with the Holy Woman at the Tomb
     • Jacob Lawrence's The Migration Series
   • Colors retain their brilliance and clarity for centuries
   • It dries very quickly, so colors cannot be blended easily once set down

4. Oil

   • Pigment compounded with oil
     • Linseed Oild
     • Poppy Seed Oil
     • Walnut Oil
   • The oil paint dries very slowly, giving the artist more time
   • Can be applied in a range of consistencies and glazes
   • Petrus Christus' A Goldsmith in His Shop
   • Nut by Amy Sillman

5. Pastel, Watercolor, Gouache, and Similar Media

   • Pastel
     • Dry medium, that is drawn onto the surface
     • Once pastel is drawn on, the artist can treat it like paint
     • Georgia O'Keeffe's White Shell with Red
   • Watercolor
     • Pigment in a vehicle of water and gum arabic, a substance that acts as a binder
     • Common support: Paper
     • Intimate art, small in scale, and free in execution
     • Transparency - Translucent washers
     • Winslow Homer's Key West, Hauling Anchor
   • Gauche
     • Watercolor with inert white pigment added
     • It serves to make the colors opaque
     • Wifredo Lam's The Jungle

6. Acrylic - Polymer Paints

   • New synthetic artists' colors based on chemistry developments
   • It can mimic the effects of oil paint, watercolor, gouache, and even tempers
   • They can be layered into a hevy impasto like oils or diluted with water and watercolor
   • They dry quickly and permanently
   • Mariposa by Beatriz Milhazes

7. Painting and Beyond: Off the Wall

   • Easel Paintings
     • Portable objects, generally rectangular, that can be hun in a wall
     • Prominence during the Renaissance
   • Painting, sculpture, and installation
     • Canvas on the floor
       • Lynda Benglis
     • Spray-painted walls, windows, and fiberglass sculptures
       • One Floor Up More Highly by Katharina Grosse

8. The Idea of a Painting: Painting without Paint

   • Today, artists challenge the tradition of painting by using
     • Yarn
     • Cloth
     • Bits of Paper
     • Found objects
     • Computer programs
       • Petra Cortright's 007 Goldeneye_all Characters Cheat

9. Sumptuous Images: Mosaic and Tapestry

   • Mosaic
     • Creating a design or image by arranging bits of colored ceramic, stone, glass...
       • Mande up of tesserae (closely spaced particles)
         • Each one contributes a small patch of purecolor
       • Interior, Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna
       • Nancy Spero's Artemis, Acrobats, Divas, and Dancers
   • Tapestry - Weaving Technique
     • Interlacing 2 sets of threads at right angles to each other
       • Warp is held taut
       • Weft is passed through the warp threads under a pattern
     • It has been used in many cultures to create textiles
     • Charles Le Brun's The Battle of the Granicus
     • Still, Untitled by Pae White

Images and files in the map