Home accidents

Home accidents

1. Fall

   • injuries
     • Ankle sprains
       • Grades
         • Grade1: Minimal tenderness and swelling
         • Grade2: Moderate tenderness and swelling, possible inestability
         • Grade3: Significant tenderness and swelling, inestability.
       • Treatment
         • Grade1: weight bear as tolerated, physical therapy
         • Grade2: inmobilize with air splint
         • Grade3: inmobilize, physical therapy
     • cuts
       • 1. Wash your hands (to avoid infection)
         • 2.Stop the bleeding
           • 3. Clean the wound
             • 4. Apply an antibiotic
               • 5. Cover the wound
                 • 6. Change the dressing
                   • 7. Watch for signs of infection, see a dostor if you see signs.
     • fractures
       • Grades
         • Grade1: skin wound less than 1 cm, clean
         • Grade 2: Skin wound more than 1cm, soft tissue damage not extensive
         • Grade3: -severe crush injuries, vascular injury requiring repair
       • Treatment
         • Splints – to stop movement of the broken limb.
         • Braces – to support the bone.
         • Plaster cast – to provide support and immobilise the bone.
         • Traction – a less common option.
     • bruises
   • General Treatment
     • Rest. Avoid activities that cause pain, swelling or discomfort.
     • Ice.
     • Compression. To help stop swelling, compress the area
     • Elevation
   • Risk factors
     • Intrinsic factors
       • age
       • medication
       • neurologic condition
       • awareness
     • Extrinsic factors
       • Clothes and shoes
       • smoke and alcohol
       • room and bathrooms
       • bed

2. Burns

   • With what?
     • Hot drinks
     • fires, cookers, irons,
     • hair straighteners
   • Treatment
     • 3.Burn creams and ointments:
     • 2.Fluids to prevent dehydration
     • 1.Water-based treatments.
     • 4. Medications for pain and anxiety
     • 5. Tetanus
   • Prevention
     • In case of a fire: Have an escape plan
     • Check water heater temperature
     • Install and maintain smoke alarms in your home
   • Types
     • 1. First-degree burns (superficial burns) . Pain and reddening of the epidermis
     • 2. Second-degree burns (partial thickness burns) affect the epidermis and the dermis
     • 3. Third-degree burns (full thickness burns) go through the dermis and affect deeper tissues.
     • 4. Fourth-degree burns go even deeper than third-degree burns and can affect your muscles and bones.

3. Poisoning

   • Prevention
     • look up chemicals in a safe place
     • never mix chemicals
     • teach children about the danger.
   • With waht?
     • household products
     • cosmetics
     • chemicals
     • food
   • Treatment
     • CPR
     • Activated charcoal for severe oral poisoning
     • Occasional use of specific antidotes or dialysis
     • Rarely, gastric emptying
   • Symptoms
     • skin rash
     • double vision or blurred vision
     • stomach pain
     • breathing difficulties
     • mental confusion
     • headache
     • irritability

4. Drowning

   • Treatment
     • If There is No Pulse, Start CPR
     • Check for Breathing
     • Get Help.
     • Move the person
   • Where?
     • garden ponds
     • baths
     • pool
   • Diagnosis
     • Clinical evaluation
       • For concomitant injuries, imaging studies are indicated
         • Pulse oximetry, and if the result is abnormal or if there are symptoms and signs of breathing, chest X-ray and blood gases
           • Core temperature measurement to rule out hypothermia
             • Continuous monitoring as indicated for late respiratory complications