REFERENCE

Description

PRAGMÁTICA
Juan Rodriguez
Mind Map by Juan Rodriguez, updated more than 1 year ago
Juan Rodriguez
Created by Juan Rodriguez over 9 years ago
19
1

Resource summary

REFERENCE
  1. ability to "pick out" things external to ourselves, exclusive from human language
    1. demonstrative, indexical, singular definite, proper name
      1. referents introduced by indefinite and explicit terms, continued with definite and inexplicit
    2. definiteness: S's assumption that H will be able to identify a single, specific entity referred
      1. explicitness: presentation of information enabling H to identify referent
        1. types
          1. anaphoric

            Annotations:

            • looks backwards
            1. bridging

              Annotations:

              • indirectly backwards, kind of inferred anaphoric reference
              1. cataphoric

                Annotations:

                • looks forwards
                1. esphoric

                  Annotations:

                  • looks forward within same nominal group: which one?
                  1. homophoric

                    Annotations:

                    • looks out to shared cultural knowledge
                    1. esphoric

                      Annotations:

                      • looks out to the situation, from lang to outside tex (six senses)
                    2. deixis: reference pointing to entities outside the text, shifting according to when, where, etc; ways in which lang encode features of the context of utt or speech events
                      1. person deixis

                        Annotations:

                        • encode roles of participants: 1st, 2nd, 3rd
                        1. place deixis

                          Annotations:

                          • encoding spatial location of participants. proximal/distal
                          1. time deixis

                            Annotations:

                            • encoding temporal points and spans to time at which utt is spoken (coding time) diff from receiving time
                            1. discourse deixis

                              Annotations:

                              • expressions used to refer to portion of discourse "that is the biggest lie". Discourse deictics: pragmatic markers (however, besides) used in utt initial position.
                              1. social deixis

                                Annotations:

                                • encode social identities of participants: honorifics, tu/usted
                                1. deictic center organized egocentrically
                                  1. gestural deixis

                                    Annotations:

                                    • gestures help us to identify referents since deictics are semantically deficients
                                    1. symbolic deixis

                                      Annotations:

                                      • used when speaking directly to someone, no gesture needed
                                    2. non-deictic usage: a generic, not specific use of the pronoun "In this country you never know what to expect"
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