MOTIVATION IN LEARNING

MOTIVATION IN LEARNING

1. Motivation is the internal state that arouses, directs and maintains behavior.

   • Intrinsic
     • Refers to behavior that is driven by internal rewards.
   • Extrinsic
     • Refers to behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, grades, fame, and praise

2. Sociocultural Perspective

   • The motivation depends on our environment
   • Cultural beliefs and social environment modifies the way of our motivation for learning

3. Behavioral Perspective

   • Behaviour is driven by the consequences that come from the environment.
   • Rewards increases motivation
   • Punishement can cause an immediate increase in motivation, but won´t work in the long term

4. Humanistic Perspective

   • Humanism focuses on each individual´s potential to reach self-actualization, which is the complete realization of one´s potential

5. Cognitive Perspective

   • Our behavior is directed as a result of interpreting and processing information.
   • The motivation we have will depend on the ways we perceive and internalize it

6. How does competence affect motivation?

   • Competence Motivational Theory
     • The success of a task can lead to an overall increase in the perception of one's own competence.

7. How does autonomy affect motivation?

   • Those who are autonomously motivated have a higher competence and psychological well-being

8. How does relatedness affect motivation?

   • When you are within a group of people that you feel comfortable with and safe your motivation increases.

9. Maslow´s Hierarchy of Needs

   • Self-actualization
     • The highest level in Maslow's hierarchy, and refer to the realization of a person's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences
   • Esteem
     • Esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence)
     • The desires for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige).
   • Love and Belonging
     • The third level of human needs is social and involves feelings of belongingness
   • Safety Needs
     • Once an individual’s physiological needs are satisfied, the needs for security and safety become salient.
   • Physiological Needs
     • These are biological requirements for human survival

10. Goal Orientation based on Mastery

    • Mastery orientation is defined as having the goal of learning and mastering the task according to self-set standards

11. Goal Orientation based on Work Avoidance and Social Aspects

    • We become motivated because we feel successful when we don´t have to work hard
    • Depending on the group you want to be affiliated with that can help or hurt your chances of wanting to learn something because you may need to learn it or not to be part of that group.

12. Interests and Emotions Impact Motivation

    • Connect the content to things that ss. are interested in.
    • Using novelty and complexity ss. get interested in learning

13. Beliefs and Self-schemas Influence Motivation

    • Beliefs about:
      • Abilities
        • Entity view: fixed personal qualities
        • Incremental view: skills can be improved through effort
      • Self-efficacy
        • Belief in one´s capabilities to organize and execute the course of action required to manage situations.
      • Causes and Control
        • Locus of Control, Stability, Controllabilty
      • Self-worth
        • Self-Protectors, Overstrivers, Optimists, Failure Acceptors