Mainly a problem of
information retrieval,
students know the
correct grammar
structure, the correct
word, pronunciation.
You don´t recall it at the
moment when you need
to.
Source of
errors
Interlingual
The learne´s first
language interferes with
production of the second
language.
Intralingual
The learner learns a rule in
the second language, but
either over generalizes it or
applies it incorrectly.
Simplification
Also knows as
redundancy
reduction.
Induced
Results from
inssuficient or incorrect
explication
Environmental
Variations in
students´environment
Areas of error
Structure
Syntax, phonology,
phonetics, and
morphology.
Can cloud the
intended meaning of
the message.
Lexicon
Word choice
Writing structure
Not using English conventions in
punctuation or capitalization.
Discourse
The appropriateness of
language in a given situation
Techniques
Self correction
Students correct their
own errors.
Pinpointing
The teacher`s localizing an error
without giving it away.
Rephrasing questions
Suggest rephrasing the
question in order to reduce
the number of words.
Cueing
When the teacher gives the
grammatical variation of a key
content word
Generating simple
sentences
Like rephrasing the
questions
Explain key words
This can be done by writiing a difficult
word in the board or by actigin it out
Questioning
If the uses a word that
the teacher does not
understand, the teacher
should ask a question
about it.
Repetition
Repeat the error containing the
error
Grammatical terms
Localizing an error by mentioning what
function it plays in the sentence can be
limited used.
Gestures
Errors can be corrected nonverbally.
Yes/ No
Nodding or shaking the head
will get a student to continue or
stop an utterance
Stop
Holding the palms
toward a student will
stop an unwanted
interrumtion
Syntax
Flipping one
hand over the
other will let a
student know
that the word
order is wrong.
Number
Singular can be
indicated with one
finger.
Stress
It is a nonverbal way to
indicate which syllable of
a word carries the stress.
Elison
The teacher puts the palms parallel
to each othe and then moves them
closer together in a pushing motion.
Missing word
A gesture to show that
the student has left a
word out.
Tense
A gesture of the hand ca
indicate that a sentence
should be in the past or in
the future.
Grammatical terms
plus gestures
Localizing an error by
mentioning what
function it plays in the
sentence can
havelimited use.