Ceramic materials

Ceramic materials

1. GENERAL PROPERTIES

   • are made with clay
   • when its wet, soft and piable you can shape easily
   • when its dry becomes porous and chemically and is resistant to high temperatures

2. HOW CERAMICS MATERIALS ARE MADE

   • 1. Preparation
     • The clay is cleaned to eliminate plant material,
     • Then large chunks of clay are broken into smaller pieces by large rollers
   • 2. Mixing
     • The clay is mixed with water, colouring, temper and flux.
   • 3. Shaping
     • clay is shaped into its final form
   • 4. Drying
     • is dried to eliminate water.
   • 5. Firing
     • goes to a oven between 700ºC and 1700ºC,
   • 6. Decoration
     • can be decorated and finished with different types of glaze.

3. CLASSIFICATION OF CERAMIC MATERIALS

   • COARSE CERAMICS
     • Terracotta
       • use
         • Blast furnace linings
         • electrical components
         • electronic components
       • with baked clay and metal oxides
     • Earthenware
       • uses
         • Crockery
         • decorative objects
         • bathroom tiles
       • a mixture of white clay, silica and feldspar
     • Refractory ceramics
       • uses
         • Bricks
         • roof tiles
         • pottery
       • with ordinary clay
   • FINE CERAMICS
     • Stoneware
       • use
         • Tableware
         • decorative objects
         • bathroom fixtures
       • special white clay, kaolin
     • Porcelain
       • use
         • durable tiles
         • tubes
         • bricks
       • from refractory clay