Mind map

L1 and L2 Acquisition

Inés Irene Hernández Jiménez Spanish

Map content

Similarities
- Developmental stages
  - Silent
    - Competence (Krashen)
    - Incomprehension (Gibbons)
  - Formulaic
    - Learnt expressions
      - memorized chunks (K)
      - Entire scripts (Ellis)
  - Structural and semantic simplification
    - Omitting grammatical functors
- Acquisition order (Brown)
  - Natural Order Hypothesis (K)
  - Variables of acquisition (Wells)
    - intelligence
    - Sex
    - Social background
    - Rate of learning
    - Linguistic interaction
- Approaches to linguistic universals
  - Typological universals (Greenberg)
    - Cross-linguistic comparison to discover what languages have in common
    - Generative school/ Universal grammar (Chomsly)
      - study individual languages in great depth
    - Features
      - Marked
        Language features learner resists transferring
      - Unmark
        Universal features
- Input
  - language received which generatessknowledge
  - Behaviorism relates input-output
    - Feedback→ Favorable habits
    - Language:behavior to be taught
      - + reinforcement
        imitate →practice→habit
  - Interactionists consider it crucial
  - Input Hypothesis (K)
    - Comprehensive input→ grannar
    - i+1
  - Chomsky
    - input-knowledge
- Zone of Proximal Develpment
  - Vygostky
  - Child performs better when guided
Differences
- Acquisition/Learning Hypothesis
  - Krashen
  - ways to approach a L2
    - Acquire
    - Learn
- Critical Period Hypothesis
  - Biological period (2-12)-language acquisition is easier
    - L2-Puberty
  - Eric Lenneberg
  - Considerations
    - Neurological
      - Lateralization
        Plasticity before puberty
      - Dominance of left-hemisphere
        Overanalyze
    - Psychomotor
      - Native-like pronunciation
        Until puberty muscles are + flexible
      - Affective
        Affective Filter Hypothesis
        Unmotivation
        Filter ↑
        Not anxious
        Filter ↓
        Ego
        Attitude
- Fossilization
  - non-target norms become fixed
    - age
    - lack of desire to articulate
    - communicative pressure
    - lack of learning opportunity
- Social factors (Ellis)
  - Natural context
    - majority language
      - native language
    - official language
      - L2
    - international
      - interpersonal communication
  - Educational context
    - Segregation
    - Mother tongue maintenance
    - Submersion
    - The language classroom
    - Acculturation Theory

Information

Description: Mind Map on L1 and L2 Acquisition, created by Inés Irene Hernández Jiménez on 09/09/2021.
Created by: Inés Irene Hernández Jiménez
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