Attitudes and motivation

Attitudes and motivation

1. Motivation is playing a major role in any learning situation

   • Gardner (1985) as consisting of effort to learn the language (motivational intensity), desire to learn the language, and attitudes toward learning the language,
     • Motivation = Effort + Desire to achieve goal + Attitudes toward learning the language
       • Gardner (1985) developed a tool to measure motivation, the Attitude/ Motivation Test Battery (AMTB)
         • Intrinsic motivation
           • bringing about internally rewarding consequences, feelings of competence and self-determination
           • “orientations”
             • Overall aim, purpose, direction, and/or goal of the activity.
               • instrumental orientation
                 • instrumental reasons primarily motivate the language study.
               • integrative orientation
                 • desire to know more about and identify with the target language community
         • Extrinsic motivation
           • Anticipation of reward from outside and beyond the self ” (material and nonmaterial rewards).

2. predisposition or tendency to respond in an evaluative manner toward someone or something

   • Dimentions
     • 1) attitudes toward the L2 community and L2 speakers; 2) attitudes toward learning the target language (TL); and 3) attitudes toward languages and language learning in general

3. attitudes are related to motivation by serving as supports to the learner’s overall orientation.