MENTAL MAP OF TECHNOLOGY

MENTAL MAP OF TECHNOLOGY

1. 1. MATERIALS OF TECHNICAL USE

   • All those materials that are used to build objects are obtained from the raw material. The raw material is obtained from nature. We have three types: Raw material, conditioned to obtain natural materials, natural material, Other types of materials can be obtained. And we have the transformed material, materials for technical use can be natural or processed. If they classify in wood, metals, plastics, textile materials and construction materials.

2. 2. THE CHOISE OF MATERIALS

   • When you choose the material with which you want to design an object, different criteria can be met depending on the needs they have to cover. Each material has properties that make it suitable for a certain use. We have sensory properties, they are the properties that are related to our senses, among them are color, touch, texture, brightness, transparency, etc... We also have mechanical properties, inside there are materials that can be hard, tenacious, elastic, malleable, soft, brittle, plastic and ductile. And finally we have physical properties, which can be conductors or insulators, both have conductive materials or electrical, sound and thermal insulation. Electrical conductors are those that easily allow electric current to pass, while electrical insulators do not allow it to pass. Thermal conductors allow heat to pass easily, while insulators do not, and finally sound conductors allow sound to pass easily while insulators do not.

3. 3. THE WOOD

   • Wood is a tenacious material, insulating heat and electricity, conducting sound, resistant and porous. There are two types of wood coming from soft evergreen trees and hard ones like from deciduous trees. There are also transformed Ivars de Noguera plywood, which is an artificial wood made up of an odd number of thin layers. Chipboard is an artificial way obtained from leftover wood glued together. Paper is obtained from a pulp made from wood and vegetable fibers and is a not very resistant material. Cardboard is made up of a set of layers of paper that is given thickness. And finally we have the cork that is obtained from the bark of the cork oak. It is a lightweight waterproof material and very well insulator of electricity, heat and sound.

4. 4. THE METALS

   • Finally we have metals that are hard materials, good conductors of heat, electricity, sound that expand and contract with temperature. We have a classification of metals where ferrous and non-ferrous metals are found. Non-ferrous metals are in copper. It is a bright reddish metal and has been widely used since ancient times to make ornaments. Tin is a shiny silver metal that is highly resistant to corrosion and very ductile and malleable, and at a temperature of 400ºC it becomes liquid. There is also aluminum, it is a cheap and easily recyclable shiny white metal. And the last non-ferrous material is zinc, it is bluish white in color and one of the least abundant metals. In the last we have ferrous metals. Where iron contains less than 0.1% carbon, it is soft, ductile and malleable, and it also rusts easily. We have steel, which is made up of iron as the main component and carbon in a proportion that is between 0.1% and 2%, it is a very resistant and economical hard metal.
     • And to finish this scheme we have conditions for officials that contain, in addition to iron, a quantity of carbon in a proportion that is between 2% and 6.67%, they are hard but brittle.