UNIT 4 - TOPIC 2 Other Fields of Contrastive Application

UNIT 4 - TOPIC 2 Other Fields of Contrastive Application

1. The translation

   • Theory of communication
     • The guidelines combine different theoretical issues within its study circle, such as: cross-language communication models, general language difficulties in translation, the discovery of universal language through translation, etc.
     • The communication capacity of a person must always be determined by the universality of the objectively existing linguistic system, which must not be a special example of communication.
     • Contrastive analyzes enable us to disclose the differences between native and foreign languages and allow us to focus on this diversity in the foreign language acquisition process.
   • While studying a foreign language, students should take into consideration the linguistic aspects of the mother language as our impression of the mother tongue (sensitivity).
   • In the context of the translation, contrast analysis means that the translator needs to pay attention at semantical and syntactic levels to the differences between the foreign and local languages which to a certain extent also imply overcoming them.
   • Contrasting investigations conducted - 4 surface structure features
     • (1) description: The two languages are formally described.
     • (2) selection: Certain objects chosen for comparison may include whole subsystems, such as the auxiliary system, or regions identified through error analysis.
     • (3) comparison: Difference and similarity areas of identification.
     • (4) prediction: Identify locations that might create mistakes.

2. Cross curricular studies

   • The social-cultural approach
     • Opposes the idea that learning happens in a linear form and stresses that it happens in a variety of situations and in different ways.
       • Instead, take the shape of a specific learner in a certain society. Wegner's practice theory demonstrates that learning is viewed as a participatory activity.
   • The Acquisition Model of Learning
     • The phrases «accumulation» and «acquisition» suggest that the approach to acquisition considers the human mind to be a container filled with various thoughts and components.
   • Knowledge
     • Knowledge is regarded as fluid, dynamic, and context dependent from a social-cultural perspective, capable of adjusting to a range of settings and contextual situations.
     • According to positivistic educational philosophies, knowledge is unaffected by contextual, cultural, or environmental variables.
   • Knowledge Transfer
     • The term "transmission" refers to the separation of competing perspectives on learning and conversation, which is ultimately determined by the classroom's perspective on learning
   • Curriculum
     • The integrated curriculum of the cross-curricular approach criticizes the idea of dividing information into different disciplines or domains, instead offering a more holistic perspective of knowledge and learning in which disciplines overlap and blend into integrated learning units.
   • Advantages of Cross-Curricular Approach
     • Holistic experiences are easily remembered.
     • it is a fundamental brain activity that searches for significant patterns.
     • Establish connections and interconnections between the knowledge learned in areas and the experiences of students outside of school.
   • Disadvantages of Cross-Curricular Approach
     • Denying children access to topics "denies them access to some of the most powerful instruments they've ever conceived to make sense of the world."
   • The cross-curricular approach instead emphasizes the relevance of conceptual structures provided by topics and aims to link them to create meaningful learning experiences for learners.

3. Conscious and unconscious transfer

   • "Transitions between consciousness and unconsciousness" is about understanding the connection and passage between consciousness and unconsciousness.
   • This indicates that unpleasant faces are unconscious and do not seem to depend upon subcortical circuits. In addition, researchers are looking at the effects of "higher-level" drinking on the subconscious facial expressions since in this instance there is no actual consciousness about the way expressions might look like
   • to concentrating on specific stimulation qualities that make you aware, you may also question how consciousness evolves through time
   • that consciousness development is not merely progressive or binary but relies on the individual factors of the job and on the kind of mask.